Microbiology

1 BIOLOGY 3010 --- FINAL EXAM Spring, 2020 2 1. Occurs immediately aﬅer entry of animal virus into host cell: a. Budding b. Uncoang c. Self-assembly d. Biosynthesis 2. In retroviruses: a. Budding occurs before self-assembly b. DNA is transcribed to t RNA c. t RNA is transcribed to DNA d. RNA is transcribed to DNA 3. Retroviruses contain: a. DNA b. RNA c. Part of the bacterial DNA in their genomes d. All the enzymes to make new virions 4. Reverse transcriptase is present in: a. Animal viruses b. Bacteriophages c. Prions d. Retroviruses 3 5. Retroviruses enter host cells by: a. Budding b. When the host cell undergoes lysis c. Endocytosis d. Exocytosis 6. Retroviruses leave host cells primarily through: a. Lysis b. Endocytosis c. Budding d. Phagocytosis 7. Example of latent viral infecon: a. Shingles b. HIV c. Prion d. Ebola 8. A malformed “naked” protein that can cause disease: a. Oncogenes b. Prions c. Retrovirus d. Transformaon factor 9. Viruses do not infect: a. Plants b. Animals c. Other viruses d. Humans 10. Spongiform encephalopathy is caused by: a. HIV b. Smallpox c. Prions d. Retroviruses

BIOL | 3010 | Microbiology | exam | 1 BIOLOGY 3010 --- FINAL EXAM 

Biology_3010_Exam_4_Part_C.docx-Biology 3010—Exam 4 Name: Troy Nguyen

microbio_exam_part_B_docx.docx-A NON-COMPHRENSIVE STUDY GUIDE MICROBIOLOGY— EXAM.1

Chapter 15 Exam Part B Quesons Aubree Nick Okek e BIOL3010 3/7/2021 CH15:Q:1 Of what chemicals are adhesins composed? (pg. 432) Most Adhesions are composed up of mainly hemagglunin proteins. However, non- protein adhesions are made of lipoteichoic acids and the fay acids of lipoteichoic acids. CH15:Q:2 What are invasins? (pg. 435) Adhesions are known as the surface molecule that helps in the binding of a pathogen to the host cells. They are also ligands that are present on the structures of diﬀerent cellular molecules within the speciﬁc organism. They then bind to the receptors of the host cell for the microbe to extend its indeed pathogenicity. CH15:Q:3 Of what value are siderophores? (pg. 436) Siderophores are composed of iron-chelang compounds are excreted by fungi and other bacterium. They are one of the strongest Iron bonding agents. CH15:Q:4 Why is this called an A-B toxin? (Fig. 15.5) (pg. 438) It is secreted by the outer membrane of gram-negave bacteria. It is only liberated when the bacterium is inexistent and released when bacterial cells are undergoing replicaon and lysis. They are chemical lipopolysaccharides. CH15:Q:5 What is an endotoxin? (pg. 440) A toxin that is present in the bacterial cell and that is released when the bacterium is killed. CH15:Q:6 What are cytopathic eﬀects? (pg. 444) Siderophores. Siderophores are iron-chelang compounds that are secreted by fungi and bacteria and are used to transport iron across the cellular membranes. CH15:Q:7 What is contact inhibion? (pg. 445) It enables the noncancerous cell to terminate producon and growth when in contact with other cells.

BIOL | 3010 | Microbiology | homework | Chapter 15 Exam Part B Queson

Exam 1 Assignment Aubree Nick Okek e BIOL3010 2/14/2021 CHAPTER 1 QUESTIONS CH1:Q:1 How are bacteria, archaea, fungi, protozoa, algae, and viruses disnguished on the basis of cellular structure? (pg. 5) They are disnguished by the three domains of life: Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya. CH1:Q:2 Why was van Leeuwenhoek’s discovery so important? (pg. 7) He was one of the ﬁrst people to describe microorganisms in teeth, scraping, rainwater, etc. under a microscope and made detailed drawings. CH1:Q:3 Why do you think the Golden Age of Microbiology occurred when it did? (pg. 9) Because of the discoveries by Hooke and van Leeuwenhoek with the microscope, this heightened an interest in the microbial world, as well as being at a me when virus and disease where at its peak. CH1:Q:4 Why do you think penicillin is no longer as eﬀecve as it once was? (pg. 11) Overme, there has been an emergence with new strands that are resistant to the drug, as well as genec changes and mutaons in microbes that tolerate the anbioc. CH1:Q:5 How do you think parasic worms survive and live oﬀ a human host? (pg. 13) Parasites can ingest the human ssue or absorb nutrients directly from the human intesnes. CH1:Q:6 Why is it important to idenfy streptococci quickly? (pg. 13) It is a rapidly growing bacterium. CH1:Q:7 How does a bioﬁlm’s protecve barrier make it resistant to anbiocs? (pg. 17) It acts as a protecve barrier. Extracellular polymeric substances do not allow the anbiocs to penetrate the bacteria. Bacteria can share its genec informaon for protecon from inhibitors such as anbioc resistance. CHAPTER 3 QUESTIONS CH3:Q:1 What is the total magniﬁcaon of a compound light microscope with objecves lens magniﬁcaon of 40X and ocular lens of 10X? (pg. 53) The total magniﬁcaon is 400X. CH3:Q:2 Why is immersion oil necessary at 1000X but not with the lower power objecves? (pg. 55) This is because of the refracon index between light and air. Higher power is more curave than lower power in a light microscopy. CH3:Q:3 What are the advantages of brighield, darkﬁeld, and phase-contrast microscopy? (pg. 56) Exam 1 Assignment Aubree Nick Okek e BIOL3010 2/14/2021 Brighield Microscopy allows us to see darker specimen under lightened ﬁeld. Darkﬁeld Microscopy allows us to see lighter specimen under a darker ﬁeld. Phase-contrast microscopy shows diﬀerences in refracve index as diﬀerence in contrast. CH3:Q:5 Why won’t other bacteria ﬂuoresce in the FTTA-ABS test? (pg. 57) They are not the same bacterium. CH3:Q:8 What is the principal use of SAM? (pg. 59) Uses focused sound to invesgate/observe microorganisms. CH3:Q:9 How do TEM and SEM images of the same organism diﬀer? (pg. 60) SEM creates an image of an organism by detecng reﬂected electrons, while TEM uses transmied electrons to propose an image. CH3:Q:10 What is the principle employed in scanned-probe microscopy? (pg. 61) It uses various types of physical probes to examine specimens. CH3:Q: 11 How can the Gram reacon be useful in prescribing anbioc treatment? (pg. 65) Because it can help the doctor determine if you are having an infecon by examining the bacteria that may cause it. CH3:Q:12 Why is Mycobacterium tuberculosis easily idenﬁed by the acid-fast stain? (pg. 67) This type of Tuberculosis has a lipoid capsule that has a high molecular weight as well as being waxy at room temperature. This makes the microorganism stand out when in water soluons. CH3:Q:13 Of what value are capsules, endospores, and ﬂagella to bacteria? (pg. 68) Bacterial capsules are made up of glycocalyx, which can provide a barrier. Endospores make it diﬃcult to penetrate the bacteria, providing it a protecve coat. Flagella allows the bacteria to have movement towards/away smuli.

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