Anatomy

Principles of Biology Lab

BIO 143 – Quiz Ten NAME: _________________________ Spring 2016 DATE: _________________________ TRUE/FALSE: Read the statement completely and determine if the statement is true or false. Select the best answer for each question. MULTIPLE CHOICE: Select the best answer to the following multiple choice questions. 1. Which of the vertebrate groups is th

BIO | 143 | Principles of Biology Lab | assessment | BIO 143 – Quiz Ten NAME: __

BIO 143 – Quiz Seven NAME: _________________________ Spring 2016 DATE: _________________________ TRUE/FALSE: Read the statement completely and determine if the statement is true or false. Select the best answer for each question. MULTIPLE CHOICE: Select the best answer to the following multiple choice questions. 1. Alleles are __________. a. specific physical locations of genes on a chromosome b. variations of the same gene (i.e., similar nucleotide sequences on homologous chromosomes) c. homozygotes d. heterozygotes 2. The appearance of an organism that results from its particular complement of genes is called its __________. a. genotype b. dominance c. phenotype d. inheritance 3. Anne Boleyn, King Henry VIII's second wife, was beheaded because she did not provide him with a son as an heir. Explain why King Henry should have blamed himself and not his wife. a. All of the sperm that males produce contain an X chromosome, so their genetic contribution to the child determines its sex. b. All of the eggs that females produce contain an X chromosome, so their genetic contribution to the child does not determine its sex. c. The eggs that females produce contain either an X or a Y chromosome, so their genetic contribution to the child is unrelated to its sex. d. All of the sperm that males produce contain a Y chromosome, so their genetic contribution to the child determines the sex. 4. A single gene capable of influencing multiple phenotypes within a single organism is said to be __________. a. codominant for that gene b. incompletely dominant for that gene c. polygenic for that gene d. pleiotropic for that gene 5. Some people are said to be "carriers" of genetic disorders. What does this mean? a. The individual is heterozygous for the disorder, and the allele for the disorder is recessive. b. The individual is heterozygous for the disorder, and the allele for the disorder is dominant. c. The individual is homozygous for the disorder. d. The individual is homozygous for the disorder, but is protected by the presence of an immunity gene. 6. In peas, plants that are true-breeding for a particular trait must be __________ for that trait. a. heterozygous b. diploids c. homozygous d. either homozygous or heterozygous 7. In pea plants, yellow pods are recessive to green pods. If you see yellow pods, then the genotype of that plant must be __________ for pod color. a. heterozygous b. homozygous recessive c. homozygous dominant d. heterozygous or homozygous recessive e. heterozygous or homozygous dominant 8. In pea plants, tall plants are dominant over dwarf plants. A tall plant could be __________. a. heterozygous b. homozygous recessive c. homozygous dominant d. homozygous dominant or heterozygous e. homozygous recessive or heterozygous 9. In experiments done using pea plants, two purple-flowered plants are cross-fertilized. Some of the F1 generation plants have white flowers. In order for this to occur, __________. a. both the parental plants must have been homozygous recessive b. both the parental plants must have been homozygous dominant c. both the parental plants must have been heterozygous d. one of the parents must be heterozygous, and the other must be homozygous dominant 10. If an organism reproduces sexually and has only three pairs of chromosomes, how many pairs of chromosomes are autosomes? a. one b. two c. three d. none 11. If a gene has alleles that are incompletely dominant, an individual that is heterozygous at this locus will express a phenotype that is __________. a. the same as organisms that are homozygous for the recessive allele b. the same as organisms that are homozygous for the dominant allele c. intermediate between organisms that are homozygous for the recessive allele and organisms that are homozygous for the dominant allele d. either the same as organisms that are homozygous for the dominant allele or homozygous for the recessive allele, depending on the environment

BIO | 143 | Principles of Biology Lab | assessment | BIO 143 – Quiz Seven NAME: __

Bio 143 Week 2 Outlines and Reflection Page 1 of 5 Your Name: Andre Berru-licon Bio143 Week 2 Outlines (10 pts) and Reflection (15 pts) Chapter 3: Biological Molecules Chapter 4: Cell Structure and Function Outlines Instructions: Write your outlines below. See the examples in Week 1 for formatting Chapter 3: Biological Molecules (p. 32-48 3.1 Why is carbon so Important in Biological Molecules? (p.33-34) Organic, Inorganic, Biological Molecules 3.1a The Bonding Properties of Carbon Are Key to the Complexity of Organic Molecules (p.33- 34) 3.1b Functional Groups Attach to the Carbon Backbone of Organic Molecules (p. 34) Functional Groups 3.1 Summary: Organic molecules have what is known as a carbon backbone. They are extremely diverse because the carbon atom can form bonds with up to four different molecules. This allows organic molecules to form intricate shapes, including branched chains, helices, pleated sheets, and rings. The existence of functioning groups produces more diversity amongst biological molecules. 3.2 How are Large Biological Molecules Synthesized? (p. 34-35) Monomers, Polymers 3.2a Biological Polymers Are Formed by the Removal of Water and Broken Down by the Addition of Water (p. 34-35) Dehydration Synthesis, Hydrolysis 3.2 Summary: Many large biological molecules are polymers synthesized by linking many smaller monomer subunits by utilizing dehydration synthesis. Hydrolysis reactions breaks these polymers apart. The most important organic molecules are categorized into four different classes: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleotides/nucleic acids. 3.3 What are Carbohydrates? (p. 36-40) Carbohydrate, Sugars, Monosaccharide, Disaccharide 3.3a Different Monosaccharides Have Slightly Different Structures (p. 36) Glucose 3.3b Disaccharides Consist of Two Monosaccharides Linked by Dehydration Synthesis (p. 36- 37) 3.3cPolysaccharides Are Chains of Monosaccharides (p. 37-40) Polysaccharide, Starch, Glycogen, Cellulose, Chitin 3.3 Summary: Carbohydrates are known to include sugars, starches, cellulose, and chitin. Sugars include monosaccharides and disaccharides. They are used for temporary energy storage and the construction of other molecules. Starches and glycogen are polysaccharides that provide Bio 143 Week 2 Outlines and Reflection Page 2 of 5 longer-term energy storage in plants and animals, respectively. Cellulose forms the cell walls of plants, and chitin strengthens the exoskeletons of many invertebrates and the cell walls of fungi. 3.4 What are the Proteins? (p.40-44) Proteins, Enzymes 3.4a Proteins Are Formed from Chains of Amino Acids (p. 40-41) Amino Acids, Disulfide Bonds, Peptide Bond, Peptide 3.4b A Protein Can Have up to Four Levels of Structure (p. 41-43) Primary Structure, Secondary Structure, Helix, Pleated Sheet, Tertiary Structure, Quaternary Structure 3.4c Protein Function Is Determined by Protein Structure (p.43-44) Intrinsically Disordered Proteins, Denatured 3.4 Summary: Proteins contain at least one or more amino acid chains called polypeptides and have up to four levels of structure. The primary structure is the sequence of amino acids and the secondary structure consists of helices or pleated sheets. These may fold to produce a tertiary structure. 3.5 What are Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids? (p. 44-45) Nucleotide, Base 3.5a Some Nucleotides Act as Energy Carriers or Intracellular Messengers (p.44-45) Adenosine Triphosphate 3.5b DNA and RNA, the Molecules of Heredity, Are Nucleic Acids (p.45) Nucleic Acid, Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA), Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) 3.5 Summary: A nucleotide is comprised of a phosphate group, a five-carbon sugar (ribose or deoxyribose), and a nitrogen-containing base. Molecules formed from single nucleotides include energy-carrier molecules (ATP) and messenger molecules (cyclic AMP). Nucleic acids are chains of nucleotides. DNA carries the hereditary blueprint, and RNA is copied from DNA and directs the synthesis of proteins. 3.6 What are Lipids? (p.45-48) Lipids 3.6a Oils, Fats, and Waxes Contain Only Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen (p.46-47) Fatty Acids, Triglycerides, Fats, Oils, Saturated, Unsaturated, Waxes 3.6b Phospholipids Have Water-Soluble “Heads” and Water-Insoluble “Tails” (p.47) Phospholipids 3.6c Steroids Contain Four Fused Carbon Rings (p.47-48) Steroids 3.6 Summary: Lipids are nonpolar, water-insoluble molecules. Oils, fats, waxes, and phospholipids contain fatty acids, which are chains of carbon and hydrogen atoms with a carboxylic acid group at the end. Steroids have four fused rings of carbon atoms with functional groups attached. Lipids are used for energy storage (oils and fats), as waterproofing for the outside of many plants and animals (waxes), as the primary component of cellular membranes (phospholipids and cholesterol), and as hormones.

BIO | 143 | Principles of Biology Lab | study guides | Bio 143 Week 2 Outlines and Re

Bio 143 Week 3 Outlines and Reflection Page 4 of 4 Reflection Instructions: Write your responses below in the green boxes. NOTE: The green boxes will expand when you type to the end of them. 1. Questions. After reading Chapter 9 and 12, write one question from each chapter that you have about the information. Go to the Discussion Board for Week 3 and post one or both of your questions below. Chapter 9 Question What are the spiritual implications of cloning? Does it go against Gods design for life? Chapter 12 Question The myostatin mutation in whippets. Doe this mutation causes the dogs to have pain or other side effects from this mutation 2. Interesting Sections. Look at the Case Study, Science in Action, Health Watch, and Links to Everyday Life sections in each chapter. Pick ONLY one section from each chapter and in 3 sentences explain why that particular section was interesting to you. Why was this section interesting to you? Chapter 9 Section I am interested in the cloned drug sniffing dogs. I am curious to the biblical implications and if this will soon be the future. Chapter 12 Section The myostatin mutation in whippets. Doe this mutation causes the dogs to have pain or other side effects from this mutation? This is very interesting, and I would like to know more about mutation of DNA and the side effects of this. 3. Design Perspective. Choose something in each chapter and explain in no more than 3 sentences how that information points to the designing work of a Creator. You will use these Design Perspective responses in your Critical Assignment, the Design Perspective Paper How does this information point to the designing work of a Creator? Chapter 9 I think that the intricate design of our cells is an incredible feat for our bodies. I do not think that we should clone people or even animals I believe that this is the creator’s job. Chapter 12 Mutations can be harmful shows to me that God wants us to take care of our bodies the best we can as we are a temple of the Lord. Now Submit this completed Outlines and Reflection Document to Blackboard to be graded.

BIO | 143 | Principles of Biology Lab | study guides | Bio 143 Week 3 Outlines and Re

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