Exploring Planet Earth

Energy Resources

/f ffi Cartreton tqPZ UNIVERSITY DUFliTlCi\i: 1 l-lOijRS Departmenii'.,lamc & Ccr;r-s: lrlurrber: EARTH SCIENCES Couise Instrucior(s) KEI':H BELL No. of Students: B5 6l . t06 Students ldUSl-cgunt ihe numiter write, aild rcport any discne,rat:cy This exarninaticn quersiionp--aper in ads'iticn to this quest!on rafier, oi pages in tiris examination question paper to a ilroctor. This question paper has 2 may be taken fronr the examination sludents n"equirc:an examination booklet a Scantron sheet before beginning to pages. room. yesDl no[ yesfl noll $ FINAL I EXNMINATION i DECEMBER 2OO2 AUT}iORIZED iJEMCRAII'' NONE Ans.uver qncstion 1 (.10 nl.rhs) and any othcr Irl\ilr clucstior-rs 112 marks each). i . De tlnc thc lirllon,in,'' cf0sr( '11 translonr tiiult graclcJ bcdciing srli VISCO: lty tephr;.r liliat on lithos:rhere magnJiic ciecIinatron blacli snrokcr' 2. Narre thc thrccdil'lelent ty'pes o1'r-nctaruorphic activity.Wlratare thc geolo,rlical scttrngs lbr cach of the tht'ec drtl'crcnt i1,pcs. andu,hatfbctors conlrolmetarrorphrc activity? 3. Briellyrcviel the ongil andcvolutiou o1'oLu' Solar Systenr. 4. Drar,r'a cross sectron of an aclivc sr-ibductron zonc. irud reviewthe geological processes that occuras thc lithospherrc s ab mtgratcs dou,rt it.tto thc tlantle. 5. I-ist threc par-cnt-daugirtcr pait's tirat can rnvoivrr.rg uatLrral radroact:vity. I)crivc thc n'rrncraIs. I)isclrss tirc assunrptions tltat arc be used to date rocksand mincrals by methods basrc ecluation fbr cletcrmining the ages o1'rocks and rnade r'r,hct-t this equation is uscd. l(ilITll tsELL 67 . T06 /tr 6. What arc titc urajor pt-oe csscsttlvolvccl ttl glanitc hou' docs a clLlarlz arcl.titc le;p1'lCrte I ()r'nrirI l()ll rr l' t he tlttat't z ill'r']l i tc. 8. Dellne liclurclLrs anclsol.clLts [-lst thrcc llasaltic tttagulas arc tl.tc col.llllloncst ol-l c\pcct to tlnci irasalts. 1 l. \Vhrt is the cliffcrctlccbctrvcct.t all orc that calt collcclltrale clctll:trts itl thc crust the lbrn-ration o1'a sedtulcntary rock'/ Startirlg lvith a auy chcutical reactiot'ts that may occur cluring thc ancla urittcral cieposit'? I-ist and cliscuss tl.tosc proccsscs lo lbrnt orc clcptlsits. 7 Bric{'ly.cliscuss the cvidcr-icc l-orthc thcory of platc tcctonics. what is the drl'lerence bctrvcen a cclnt,crgcnt platc bounclar. . a clivclgcnt platc bouttdaly aucla tratlslbrrl-r l'ault'? possiblc ways that nelting cal.l ocollr rvithirr the tllatrtlc lrarth. List thc gcological scttirlgs w'hcre you would 9. \\,hat is a 'riucr-al'l Itcr rcu,thc naturc o1'thc chcnrical bor-rds that arc for'rrrd rvithin t-tlinerals. ar.iri cliscuss the ctl'cct tirlr thcsc havc or.r coutrolling tirc physrcal properttesof urincrals' 10. Dr.ar.i A cross scctlou pl.thc lrarth shorl'ing thc Earth's intental strucltlrc. Outlinc thc nta.1c'rt' che'tical a1c.i urincralogical clifl'erenccs bcnvcett thc crot'ttiuerltal crr-rst and the t.uautlc' 12. The rock cyclcrclatcs thc internai cnergy o1'thc llartir artd the cxterual cllergy thatrcachcs thc Ilarth's sr,r;l1cc to lhc lbt'rtratiott of clil'ltl'crlt t'ocli typcs. Discttss.

ERTH | 1006 | Exploring Planet Earth | exam | /f ffi Cartreton tqPZ UNIVERSI

W Carletorl !49' UNIVERSITY F (ruA t- EXAMINATION fre('. a r-t i)f>t\ ar':t-' pUrAT|Ox: 3 HouB.s Departmeni Name & CcurseNumber: EARTH SCIENCES Course lnstructor(s) Sharon Carr ,,,.G 2 Students MUST count the number write, and rePort anY discrePancY This examination questicn PaPer In addition to this question PaPer, No. of Students: 9 aoa ol.JzJ of pages in this examination queslion paper before beEln to a proctor. This question paper has 2 P may be taken fronr the examination room' students require: an examination booklet yespx noQ a Scantron sheet Yesn ndu AUTiiORIZED MC[IONAIiOA Closed I ook examinatron beEinning to pages. ANSWER FIVEOF THE FOLLOWING SEVEN QUESTIONS 1) Writenotes on any five of the following (20 Marks): i. variations in heat flowwithtectonic setting ii. migmatites iii. applications of ternary diagrams in metamorphic petrology iv. second sillimanite isograd v. transition fromgreenschist to amphibolite facies vi. geologic settings of metasomatism vii. geothermometry viii. oaired metanrorphic belts 2) Describe the progressive metamorphism of pelitic rocks (20 Marks). In your discussion conside' the following: What are the components of the system? Giveexamples of typical protoliths and common metapelitic rocks. Discuss the variations in texture and mineral assemblage of different facies. What are useful indicators of metamorphic grade? What are co:nmon tectonic settings of metamorphosed pelites? 3) Describe the progressive metamorphism of basic igneous rocks (20 Marks). ln yourdiscussion consider the following: What are the components of the system? Giveexamples of typical protoliths. Scic'nces 61 323 Discuss the variations in texture and mineral assemblage of different facies. What are useful indicators of metamorphic grade? What are the relationships of mineral assemblages or facies to plate boundaries? 4a) What is a bathograd? Describe the bathograd scheme for subdividing aluminous schists. V/hatis the usefulness and/or significance of bathograds? Usea labeled diagram for youranswer. (10 Marks) 4b) Draw threecomplete AFM diagrams thatillustrilte phase relationships below, at and above the breakdown of staurolite in a prograde sequence (10 Marks). 5a) Describe the progressive metamorphism of ultramafic rocks (20 Marks). In yourdiscussion consider the following: (15 Marks) What are the components of the system? Giveexamples of typical protoliths and their mineralogy. Discuss the variations in texture and mineral assemblage of different facies. What are the effects of bulkcomposition? What are useful indicators of metamorphic grade? Namesome possible tectonic settings where you expect to find metamorphosed ultramafic rocks? 5b) Draw two MgO-HzO-SiOz ternary diagrams thatthe shorv the assemblages forsterite-anitgorite{alc andforsterite-talc-H2O, respectively, that occur on either sideof the reaction. 5 antigorite antigorite forsterite olivine talc (5 Marks) = 6 olivine + talc + 9 water Mg3Si205(OH)a MgzSiO+ Mg6SiOsOzo(OH)a 6) Drawand explain a P-T pathrepresentative of rocks in a regionally metamorphosed terrane froma collisional orogenic belt. What lines of evidence are used to interpret the history of metamorphic rocks and place constraints on P-T-t paths? (15 Marks) 7a) Discuss the factors thatinfluence mineral assemblages in the metamorphism of carbonate rocks. 7b) Discuss the prograde path of dolomitic limestones. (5 Marks)

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