Intro to Pharmacotheraphy

Principles of Biology

 4 out of 4 points The sagittal plane divides the body into: Selected Answer: right and left parts  Question 2 0 out of 4 points Which one of these is not part of the cerebrum: Selected Answer: ventricle s  Question 3 4 out of 4 points Sensory receptors detect all the following except: Selected Answer: thought s  Question 4 4 out of 4 points Another name for the autonomic nervous system is: Selected Answer: involuntary nervous system  Question 5 4 out of 4 points The epidermis includes which of the following cells: Selected Answer: Langerhans cells  Question 6 4 out of 4 points The four types of movable (diarthroses) joints are all except: Selected Answer: sutures  Question 7 4 out of 4 points Which of the following is not considered connective tissue: Selected Answer: glandular tissue  Question 8 4 out of 4 points What is the name for the tough, outer layer of the eye? Selected Answer: scler a  Question 9 4 out of 4 points Third degree burns are characterized by all of the following except: Selected Answer: treatment does not involve skin grafting  Question 10 4 out of 4 points Serous membranes line all except: Selected Answer: skin  Question 11 4 out of 4 points The shaft of a typical long bone is called: Selected Answer: a diaphysis  Question 12 4 out of 4 points Which of these is not a region of the thorax and abdomen: Selected Answer: right lower region  Question 13 4 out of 4 points Which of the following is not an essential amino acid? Selected Answer: tyrosin e  Question 14 4 out of 4 points The Golgi apparatus is responsible for: Selected Answer: storing and packaging secretion for export from the cell  Question 15 4 out of 4 points The sympathetic nervous system does everything but: Selected Answer: constricts pupils  Question 16 4 out of 4 points Which of these types of skin cancer is most common? Selected Answer: basal cell carcinoma  Question 17 4 out of 4 points In which stage have cancer cells metastasized? Selected Answer: Stage IV  Question 18 4 out of 4 points Which one of these nerves is involved in chewing? Selected Answer: trigemina l  Question 19 4 out of 4 points The lined ﬂuid-ﬁlled cavities in the brain are called: Selected Answer: cerebral ventricles  Question 20 0 out of 4 points The space between the axon of one nerve cell and the dendrite of another is called: Selected Answer: myelin sheath  Question 21 4 out of 4 points Which of these is a muscle of the lower extremities? Selected Answer: gluteus maximus  Question 22 4 out of 4 points These cells line the heart, blood vessels, alveoli, and body cavities: Selected Answer: squamous epithelial cells  Question 23 4 out of 4 points Which is the deepest layer of the skin: Selected Answer: stratum germinativum  Question 24 4 out of 4 points If a red blood cell is placed in a solution that is hypertonic relative to it. What will happen? Selected Answer: The cell will lose water and shrink.  Question 25 0 out of 4 points If someone is complaining of pain that may be due to gall bladder problems, the pain would be located in which region? Selected Answer: hypogastric region

BIO | 113 | Principles of Biology | exam |  4 out of 4 points The sagitt

SHORT ESSAY If a person were to fall in the garden and cut themselves. Two types of tissue repair can happen; primary and secondary tissue repair. Primary Tissue repair occurs when there is a clean wound, meaning there is no infection or tissue trauma present and new epithelial cells push their way to the surface. However, in the scenario given, one fell on a dirty piece of metal, this would mean secondary tissue repair would have to occur because of tissue damage. During this healing ﬂuid is secreted to help kill bacteria to prevent further infection while new blood vessels and connective tissue form. Nutrition is important because it requires a lot of protein to heal and it required vitamins to help the body fend oﬀ infections. 1. Identify the four requirements for “anatomical position”. Frontal Plane Lateral Medial Sagittal Plane 2. What is the diﬀerence between the terms “cephalic” and “caudal”? Cephalad means in a direction towards the head, in a direction towards the front end of the body, or in a direction away from the tail or ends. The opposite of cephalad is caudal. (Anatomy) anatomy of or towards the posterior part of the body 3. How does the sagittal plane divide the body? sagittal describes vertical planes dividing the body into right and left sides 4. What two things are contained within the dorsal cavity? subdivided into the cranial cavity housing the brain and the spinal cavity housing the spinal cord 5. List the abdominal quadrants. Right Upper, Right Lower, left Upper, Left Lower 6. List the 4 main organic compounds found in living things. Cars, Protiens, Lipids, and Nucleic Acid 7. Would a pH of 2.0 be acidic or basic? acidic 8. In humans, sugar is stored in liver and muscle in what form? Glycogen 9. What are the two types of endoplasmic reticulum, and how do they diﬀer? Smooth and Rough. Rough endoplasmic reticulum has ribosomes 10. If someone had improperly functioning lysosomes what would be the outcome? The cell would starve. In multicellular organisms, the body would have trouble destroying old, worn-out cells 11. What is the main function of mitochondria? Serve as sites of cellular respiration and energy production; store ATP 12. Brieﬂy describe the structure of the cell membrane. The cell membrane is composed of a double phospholipid layer, with pro- teins embedded in the layer. The phospholipid looks like a balloon with tails. The round balloonlike part is hydrophilic and the double tails are hydrophobic. 13. What structures are responsible for cell movement? Microtubules 14. What are the 4 stages of mitosis? Prophase, Aniphase, Interphase, Metaphase 15. If red blood cells are placed in a solution that is hypotonic relative to them, what will happen? The water will rush to the red blood cells 16. List and deﬁne the 5 Roman Numeral Staging categories for cancer. Stage 0: Cancer is in situ (limited to surface cells). Stage I: Cancer is limited to the tissue of origin Stage II: There is limited local spread of cancerous cells; it may involve an adjacent lymph node. Stage III: There is extensive local and regional spread to lymph nodes. Stage IV: Cancers have often metastasized, or spread to other organs or throughout the body. 17. What is one diﬀerence between active transport and diﬀusion? Diﬀusion moecules scatter evenly, active transport molevules moves from high concentration to low 18. What are the 4 main tissue types? epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous 19. Describe mucous membranes and provide one example. Mucous membranes line surfaces and spaces that lead to the outside of the body; they line the respi- ratory, digestive, reproductive, and urinary systems. The mucous membrane produces a substance called mucus, which lubricates and protects the lining. Gastric mucosa lines the stomach. 20. What is the function of cartilage? Provides ﬁrm but ﬂexible support for the embryonic skeleton and part of the adult skeleton

BIO | 113 | Principles of Biology | lab | SHORT ESSAY If a person were t

Haley Suon G00162119 BIO113 01/01/2019 1. What are the names of the 3 salivary glands? Parod, mandibular and sublingual. 2. What enzyme is found primarily in saliva? Amylase. 3. What are the 3 parts of a human tooth? The root, the cementum, and the crown. 4. What is the name of the circle of muscle that forms the opening between the esophagus and stomach? Esophageal sphincter. 5. List the 4 layers of the stomach wall. Mucosa, submucosa, muscularis propria and advena. 6. What is the name of the 3 secons of the small intesne? Duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. 7. Most nutrient absorpon occurs in which organ? Small intesne. 8. How does the liver contribute to digeson? The liver processes nutrients that have been absorbed by the small intesne. 9. If someone has his or her gallbladder removed, what might be the eﬀect on digeson? When the gallbladder is removed, bile that is made by the liver can no longer be stored, and ﬂows directly into the intesne any me the liver produces it. 10. What is chyme? Chyme is parally digested food and digesve secreons. 11. What is the name given to the involuntary muscle acon that propels food through the digesve tract? Peristalsis. 12. Name 2 funcons of the large intesne. Reabsorpon of water, and temporary storage of feces. Haley Suon G00162119 BIO113 01/01/2019 13. In a short essay, describe the funcon of the gastric juices (20 pt). Gastric juices have several funcons. The presence of HCL in the gastric juices causes them to be ansepc, thus killing most of the germs that enter with your food. HCL also helps convert pepsinogens to pepsins, which aids in protein and iron digeson. Gastric lipase speciﬁcally aids in lipid digesons, while the intrinsic factor aids in the absorpon of vitamin B12.

BIO | 113 | Principles of Biology | homework | Haley Suon G00162119 BIO113 0

Sylvia Whitfield GID # G00156263 BIO113 Week 7 Assignment 4/29/18 1. What are the names of the 3 salivary glands? Parotid gland, Sublingual gland, Submandibular gland. 2. What enzyme is found primary in saliva? Amylase enzyme 3. What are the 3 parts of a human tooth? The Root, The Cementum, The Crown. 4. What is the name of the circle of muscle that forms the opening between the esophagus and stomach? The Pyloric Sphincter. 5. List the 4 layers of the stomach wall. The Mucosa, Sub-mucosa, Muscularis Externa, and The Serosa. 6. What is the name of the 3 sections of the small intestine? Duodenum, Jejunum, Ileum. 7. Most nutrient absorption occurs in which organ? Small Intestine. 8. How does the liver contribute to digestion? It processes the nutrients absorbed from the small intestine and it also, digest the fat and the digestive system. 9. If someone has his or her gallbladder removed, what might be the effect on digestion? Difficult digesting fatty foods, and your bile it helps with digestion after your gallbladder is removed bile made by the liver can no longer be stored between meals. 10. What is chime? Chyme is part liquid and part solid, a thick semifluid mass of partially digestive food and secretions that’s formed in your stomach and your small intestine when digesting foods. 11. What is the name given to the involuntary muscle action that propels food through the digestive tract? Peristalsis. 12. Name 2 functions of the large intestine. Absorb water, and transmit the useless waste material from your body. 13. In a short essay, described the function of the gastric juices. Gastric Juices Function: {Presence of HCL makes the juice antiseptic, and killing almost all of the germs that’s entering with food. Pepsinogens are converted to pepsins that help with HCL and it also helps with protein digestion and Iron absorption. Gastric lipase helps with lipid digestion. The intrinsic factor helps with your absorption of vitamin B12. It’s responsible for haemopoiesis, it’s a formation of blood cellular components. An important component of your gastric juice is pepsin. Pepsin is the main chief enzyme digestive in your stomach. It breaks down proteins into polypeptides. Chief cells produce the pepsinogen an inactive form of pepsin. Pepsinogen is converted to pepsin when your parietal cells are found within the gastric glands secrete hydrochloric acid. Gastric juice is a mixture of secretions from all glands present in your stomach. The gastric glands are made of 3 types the cardiac, the fundic, and the pyloric. They are named as part of the stomach they are present in. And these glands contain 3 kinds of cells, the chief cell, the oxyntic cell, and the neck cell. Which are responsible for the secretion of the gastric juice.} 14 Identify and explain the functions of the digestive juices in the small intestine. “Pancreas” The pancreas produces a juice in your body has a lot of enzymes, and it breaks down your carbohydrates, proteins and fats in your food. Pancreas delivers digestive juice to your small intestine through small tubes and they are called ducts.

BIO | 113 | Principles of Biology | homework | Sylvia Whitfield GID # G001562

Taylor Walker Intro to Pharmacotherapy Week 1 Assignment Chapter 1 questions 1-5 (pg 11) 1. The first major U.S. drug law was passed in the year 1906 and was called the PURE FOOD AND DRUG ACT. 2. USP stands for UNITED STATES PHARMACOPEIA . 3. NF stands for NATIONAL FORMULARY. 4. Which drug law established the USP and NF (which are now one)? PURE FOOD AND DRUG ACT 5. The agency that requires you to keep a record of each controlled substance transaction is the DEA . Chapter 2 questions 1-10 (pg 23) 1. C (indications) List of conditions for which a drug is meant to be used 2. F (classifications) Subcategories of drugs based on their effects on the body 3. E (actions) Description of the cellular changes that occur as a result of a drug 4. A (contradicitons) Conditions for which a drug should not be given 5. The generic name of the drug is (phenazopyridine Hcl tablets, USP) 6. The chemical name of the drug is 6-pyridinediamine, 3-(phenylazo), monohydrochloride. 7. The trade name of the drug is Azo Standard. 8. What is indicated by the symbol after the drug name? – means that it is trademarked 9. List 3 drug references: PDR, USP.NF, AHFS Drug Information 10. Explain the difference between these two medication orders: a. Give two Tylenol, PO. – OTC tylenol by mouth (2) b. Give one Tylenol No #2 PO. – tylenol with 15 mg of codeine 300 mg acetaminophen Chapter 3 questions 8-17 (pg 41) 8. Synergism – E 9. Antagonism – F 10. Potentiation – D 11. Lethal dose – B 12. Toxic dose – C 13. Maintenance dose – A 14. Idiosyncrasy – H 15. Tolerance – J 16. Dependence – G 17. Teratogenic – I

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