Biology Mechanisms

Human Anatomy and Physiology II

BIOL_2222_Chapter_21_Learning_objectives_Fall_2018.docx_1.docx-BIOL 2222 Learning objectives Chapter 21—The

21: what are chromosomes made of in humans? C-DNA and proteins 20: what do transcripon factors do?

BIOL | 1107 | Biology Mechanisms | exam | 21: what are chromosomes made 

Chapter_23_Learning_Objectives.docx.docx-BIOL 2222 Learning objectives Chapter 23—The

Unit 4 1) Which of the following is the best modern definition of evolution? A) descent with modification B) change in the number of genes in a population over time C) survival of the fittest D) inheritance of acquired characters 2) Which statement about the beak size of finches on the island of Daphne Major during prolonged drought is true? A) Each bird evolved a deeper, stronger beak as the drought persisted. B) Each bird's survival was strongly influenced by the depth and strength of its beak as the drought persisted. C) Each bird that survived the drought produced only offspring with deeper, stronger beaks than seen in the previous generation. D) The frequency of the strong-beak alleles increased in each bird as the drought persisted. 3) Genetic variation _____. A) is created by the direct action of natural selection B) arises in response to changes in the environment C) must be present in a population before natural selection can act upon the population D) tends to be reduced by when diploid organisms produce gametes 4) Cystic fibrosis is a genetic disorder in homozygous recessives that causes death during the teenage years. If 9 in 10,000 newborn babies have the disease, what are the expected frequencies of the dominant ( A 1 ) and recessive ( A 2 ) alleles according to the Hardy-Weinberg model? A) f( A 1 ) = 0.9997, f( A 2 ) = 0.0003 B) f( A 1 ) = 0.9800, f( A 2 ) = 0.0200 C) f( A 1 ) = 0.9700, f( A 2 ) = 0.0300 D) f( A 1 ) = 0.9604, f( A 2 ) = 0.0392 5) In the formula for determining a population's genotype frequencies, the " 2 " in the term 2pq is necessary because _____. A) the population is diploid B) heterozygotes can come about in two ways C) the population is doubling in number D) heterozygotes have two alleles 6) An earthquake decimates a ground-squirrel population, killing 98% of the squirrels. The surviving population happens to have broader stripes, on average, than the initial population. If broadness of stripes is genetically determined, what effect has the ground-squirrel population experienced during the earthquake? A) directional selection B) disruptive selection C) a founder event D) a genetic bottleneck 7) The Dunkers are a religious group that moved from Germany to Pennsylvania in the mid-1700s. They do not marry with members outside their own immediate community. Today, the Dunkers are genetically unique and differ in gene frequencies, at many loci, from all other populations including those in their original homeland. Which of the following likely explains the genetic uniqueness of this population? A) population bottleneck and Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium B) heterozygote advantage and stabilizing selection C) mutation and natural selection D) founder effect and genetic drift 8) Which of the following is the most predictable outcome of increased gene flow between two populations? A) lower average fitness in both populations B) higher average fitness in both populations C) increased genetic difference between the two populations D) decreased genetic difference between the two populations 9) Over time, the movement of people on Earth has steadily increased. This has altered the course of human evolution by increasing _____. A) nonrandom mating B) geographic isolation C) genetic drift D) gene flow 10) Currently the only predators of Galápagos marine iguanas are Galápagos hawks. Iguana body size is not correlated with risk of hawk predation, although small iguanas can sprint faster than large iguanas. If predators (for example, cats) that preferably catch and eat slower iguanas are introduced to the island, iguana body size is likely to _____ in the absence of other factors; the iguanas would then be under _____ selection. A) increase; directional B) increase; disruptive C) decrease; directional D) decrease; disruptive 11) In his transformation experiments, what did Griffith observe? A) Mixing a heat-killed pathogenic strain of bacteria with a living nonpathogenic strain can convert some of the living cells into the pathogenic form. B) Mixing a heat-killed nonpathogenic strain of bacteria with a living pathogenic strain makes the pathogenic strain nonpathogenic. C) Infecting mice with nonpathogenic strains of bacteria makes them resistant to pathogenic strains. D) Mice infected with a pathogenic strain of bacteria can spread the infection to other mice. 12) How do we describe transformation in bacteria? A) the creation of a strand of DNA from an RNA molecule B) the creation of a strand of RNA from a DNA molecule C) the infection of cells by a phage DNA molecule D) assimilation of external DNA into a cell 13) After mixing a heat-killed, phosphorescent (light-emitting) strain of bacteria with a living, nonphosphorescent strain, you discover that some of the living cells are now phosphorescent. Which observation(s) would provide the best evidence that the ability to phosphoresce is a heritable trait? A) evidence that DNA was passed from the heat-killed strain to the living strain B) evidence that protein passed from the heat-killed strain to the living strain C) especially bright phosphorescence in the living strain

BIOL | 1107 | Biology Mechanisms | homework | Unit 4 1) Which of the followi

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