Metabolic Biochemistry

Hemoglobin_Activation_T_to_R_ratio.pdf

Lecture 06  Lactic Acid Formation (ATP without Oxygen) o Any type of ATP generation without oxygen is called fermentation o Alcohol Fermentation (major, pyruvate undergoes decarboxylation to become EtOH) o Also fermentation deep down tiny animals use fermentation o In the absence of O 2 , the formation of 3PGP in glycolysis step 6 is coupled to lactic acid

Lecture_06.docx-Lecture 06  Lactic Acid Formation

Lecture 10  Electron transport uses energy obtained by transferring electrons from NADH to O 2 o create a proton gradient o ATP synthase uses the energy stored in the proton gradient to make ATP  Electron Transport: o NADH + ½O 2 → NAD + + H 2 O -220 kJ/mol o 10H + matrix → 10H + cytosol variably endergonic o --------------------------------------------------

Lecture_10.docx-Lecture 10  Electron transport uses

BIBC | 102 | Metabolic Biochemistry | lecture notes | 

BIBC 102 Mon @ 6pm, Center 205 Surina.Hemani@gmail.com Week 5 Discussion 5 1. Input: NAD+ 2. Output: _______________ iv. Oxidation of Alpha-ketoglutarate to Succinyl CoA 1. Input: CoA-SH & NAD+ 2. Output: NADH + CO2 v. Conversion of Succinyl CoA to Succinate 1. Input: GDP + Pi 2. Output: _______________ vi. Oxidation of Succinate to _____________ 1. Input: FAD 2. Ouput: FADH2 3. Regulator: ____________ is a competitive inhibitor of succinate dehydrogenase. A block in here will stop the TCA cycle. What will overcome this? Problem Set 4, Question 2 vii. Hydration of Fumarate to Malate 1. Input: H20 viii. Oxidation of Malate to Oxaloacetate 1. Input: ________ 2. Output: NADH & Regenerate ______________ from Step 2 in Step 9!! a. Catalytic because the rate/velocity of entrance of Acetyl CoA into the cycle in Reaction 2 is _____________ to the concentration of the 2 substrates: if we want the cycle to go faster,______ one substrate, or the other, or both. If we _________ Oxaloacetate 10 fold, velocity is dependent on both. This is a critical point for regulation: Problem Set 4, Question 1 b. Regulation by NAD+ i. Involved in steps: 1,4,5, and 9 BIBC 102 Mon @ 6pm, Center 205 Surina.Hemani@gmail.com Week 5 Discussion 6 ii. In each of those steps, the velocity is limited by lower levels of NAD+: exercise more, more NAD+ (depleting your energy carriers to produce more ATP) and more ________________ required to replenish your system. Problem Set 4, Question 5 Concept: Anaplerotic Reactions: The process by which, under normal circumstances, the reactions by which cycle intermediates are used off in pathways are replenished to achieve __________________. V. Pyruvate Carboxylase: Pyruvate to Oxaloacetate a. Purpose: To produce Oxaloacetate directly from Pyruvate when the citric acid cycle is deficient in Oxaloacetate or any other intermediates. b. Regulatory Enzyme; Pyruvate Carboxylase: i. Allosteric activator: Acetyl CoA serves as a positive allosteric modulator rendering it inactive in the absence of Acetyl CoA. When present, it serves as the fuel for the TCA cycle and can stimulate the pyruvate carboxylase reaction to produce more _______________and thus use more acetyl-coA in the citrate synthesis reaction. ii. Role of Biotin: This is the prosthetic group of the enzyme. iii. Net Reaction? Pyruvate + CO2 + ATP  OAA + ADP + P iv. Mechanism: Page 634 of your textbook And, as always, for answers, please come to section! My office hours have now changed from Monday to WEDNESDAY from 12-1pm at Café Roma since it Monday. If you can’t make it, feel free to email me and we can schedule a time that works! :)

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