Tolkien and Middle Earth

Finw¨ e Nold´ oran Mahtan F¨ eanor Fingolﬁn Finarﬁn Maedhros Maglor Celegorm Curuﬁn Celebrimbor Caranthir Amras Amrod Fingon Turgon Finrod Felagund Orodreth Aegnor Angrod Gil-galad E¨ ol Maeglin Elu Thingol (Elw¨ e) Celeborn Olw¨ e of Alqualond¨ e Amandil An´ arion Ar-Sakathˆ or Elessar Telcontar (Aragorn) Artamir Arvedui E¨ arendur Elatan Eldarion Elendil Faramir Gimilkhˆ ad Ar-Gimilzˆ or Isildur N´ umendil Tar-Palantir Ar-Pharazˆ on Tar-Meneldur 14 Lords of And´ uni¨ e 16 Rulers and Princes of N´ umenor 22 Kings of Arnor 27 Kings and Princes of Gondor 15 Chieftains 3 Kings of N´ umenor Lord of And´ uni¨ e Melian the Maia M´ ıriel Serind¨ e Nerdanel Idril Celebrindal Aredhel Ar-Feiniel Finduilas Galadriel L´ uthien Tin´ uviel Nimloth Celebr´ ıan E¨ arwen Indis Elenw¨ e F´ ıriel Inzilbˆ eth Lind´ ori¨ e Silmarien Tar-M´ ıriel E¨ arendil Dior Thingol’s Heir Elur´ ed Elur´ ın Elrond Elros Tar-Minyatur Elladan Elrohir Marach Malach Aradan Imlach Amlach Hador L´ orindol Galdor Gundor Huor H´ urin Thalion T´ urin Turambar Magor Hathol Tuor Balan B¨ eor the Old Boron Boromir Bregor Bregolas Barahir Baragund Belegund Beren Erchamion Baran Brandir the Lame Haldad Haldar Haldan Halmir Haldir Handir Elwing Arwen Und´ omiel Gloredhel Nienor N´ ıniel Lalaith Emeldir Morwen Eledhwen R´ ıan Haleth Hareth

LTWL | 120 | Tolkien and Middle Earth | lecture notes | Finw¨ e Nold´ oran Mahtan F¨ e

Lecture 16  Frodo, Sam, and Gollum ◦ There's the Master-Servant relationship between Frodo and Sam ◦ There's the relationship between Frodo and Gollum (whom he calls Sméagol) ▪ There is importance in Frodo always calling him Sméagol! ▪ By using his pre-Gollum name, this is Frodo trying to get in touch with that possibly accessible creature (Sméagol) under this creature created by the Ring (Gollum) ▪ When Sméagol says “we,” he means Sméagol, Gollum, and the Ring (it's become a part of his identity) ◦ Sméagol is a predecessor to the Stoorish Hobbits (they were water folk) ▪ So racially, all 3 are essentially equal ◦ Frodo says to Gollum that “the Ring could ultimately destroy him” ▪ Sam looks at Frodo and sees that Frodo has acquired a kind of power that Sam has never seen in him before (see the chapter The Black Gate is Closed) ▪ “and such would be my command” to find the important quote ▪ Sméagol is completely devastated by this ▪ Frodo has power over Gollum because Frodo has the Ring  Is Gollum Redeemable? ◦ Possibly! But it seems that, as long as the Ring exists, there is no hope ◦ Things just really don't look good for Gollum ◦ Gandalf and all of the other people allowed him to live, so one might say that Gandalf had foresight? ▪ But perhaps Gandalf's foresight was just that Gollum has a role to play in the Ring quest, but nothing personal about Gollum's redemption specifically ▪ What is this role, though? Seems awful... ◦ If there's anything redeemable to for Gollum, it would be in The Two Towers ▪ When he makes his decision to go to the east and just be Gollum, he made his decision and now it's too late ◦ When he's more Sméagol-like, he talks more in the first-person, but when he's more Gollum-like, he talks more in the third-person ◦ He leads Frodo to the gate, but he's terrified of Mordor (he got tortured there) ◦ When Sam and Frodo are essentially cuddling, we see that Gollum comes over and touches Frodo and actually seems like a withered Hobbit ▪ The affection of Hobbits is what gives him a chance at redemption! ▪ However, Sam wakes up and yells at Gollum because he doesn't trust Gollum ▪ He later apologizes, but this was Gollum's last chance at redemption and Sam screwed it up  The Dead Marshes ◦ They've been going to bad-lands, but now they get to the Dead Marshes ◦ Here, we really see Tolkien's memories of World War I coming out ▪ In the battle that Tolkien participated in, you see a wasteland and, as you cross trench-to- trench, it was not uncommon to see dead bodies in the water ◦ These dead bodies came from the Last Alliance ▪ This is from when, at the end of the Second Age, the Last Alliance of Elves and Men fought right in front of Mordor ◦ The fact that you can see the bodies still implies that there is a dark enchantment on the marshes ◦ We also see lights, which can be attributed to “Will-o'-the-Wisp”  Sam and Frodo, Fairy Tale Experience ◦ They see these giant elephants, and all of this other crazy stuff on their journey

LTWL | 120 | Tolkien and Middle Earth | lecture notes | Lecture 16  Frodo  Sam  and G

Lecture_08.docx-Lecture 08  Bilbo's Growth in

Chapter Summaries of The Hobbit Chapter 1: An Unexpected Party Plot Hobbits are introduced, and Bilbo Baggins receives a visit from the wizard Gandalf. The next day, Gandalf returns with thirteen Dwarves. After eating, they discuss the recovery of the treasure that the dragon Smaug took from Erebor, and Bilbo is hired as their "burglar," despite his protests. Summary Bilbo Baggins meets Gandalf for the first time. Bilbo quickly recognizes Gandalf when the wizard mentioned Bilbo's mother, Belladonna Took. But when Gandalf invited Bilbo to a journey, the hobbit immediately refuses the wizard. the said old wizard leaves, but unknown to Bilbo, Gandalf placed a mark on his newly-painted door. The next day, as Bilbo is about to have his lunch, the doorbell rings. He assumes it is Gandalf but a dwarf named Dwalin immediately makes his way inside the house. Not wanting to be rude, Bilbo welcomes the dwarf despite not knowing him. After a few more moments, dwarves started to arrive. When everyone is present, Gandalf himself finally arrives with the leader, Thorin Oakenshield. Gandalf volunteers Bilbo to be the Company's "burglar", something Bilbo instantly refused. As Bilbo protests, Gandalf brings out a map of the Lonely Mountain with a secret entrance. He shows Thorin the key to the said entrance, but no one knows where or how to find it. When Bilbo demands of their objective, Thorin stated that his grandfather was once the King under the Mountain. He has a great love for treasures and it attracted unwanted attention: the attention of the dragon Smaug. The dragon attacked and claimed the Lonely Mountain as his own, forcing Thorin and what's left of his people in exile. Thorin and his Company set out to reclaim their land, albreit being unsure what to do when faced with Smaug. Bilbo pays no attention to the adventure. His Baggins side only wants to stay but his Took side wants him to join the expedition. Finally, Bilbo goes off to bed and spends the night with troubled dreams. Chapter 2: Roast Mutton Plot The next day Bilbo and Gandalf meet the Dwarves at The Green Dragon Inn, and from there they set off on their adventure. Bilbo discovers three Trolls, and is captured when he attempts to pick one of the trolls' pockets; when the Dwarves follow, they are also captured. Summary Following that night, Bilbo wakes up in a peaceful morning. When he looks for the dwarves, no one is around. He thinks that the Company must have set on their own. He comes into the pantry, where Gandalf was. He tells Bilbo about the dwarves' letter to him, that they are waiting for him at The Green Dragon Inn. Without any other words, Bilbo runs after the company, and is followed by Gandalf. The Company is greatly overjoyed to have their "burglar" with them. Just before they can finally leave, Bilbo tells the Company that he has forgotten his pocket- handkerchief. Bilbo then wears a green hood, borrowed from Dwalin. It was large and the hobbit looked rather comic. Few moments later, Gandalf arrives with a splendid white horse. He comes back with pocket-handkerchiefs for Bilbo, and his pipe and tobacco. Throughout their first day in journey, Bilbo complains and rather wants to be back home. Rain pours and the Company looks for a dry patch to sleep on. When they notice Gandalf is missing they decide to look for a place to rest. Glóin tries to light a fire for the Company, which he normally is good at. But due to the rain he cannot. All of a sudden, one of their ponies ran away in fright which caused the dwarves to follow it. The pony comes to the river before they can catch it. Fíli and Kíli are nearly drowned; their baggage is swept away in the river. Óin and Glóin try their best to make a fire, but to no avail. Not from afar, Balin who is their lookout, finds a comfortable-looking light and he assumes it is fire coming from torches. When the Company already took a good look at the light, they suggest that someone go and check on the lights. After bickering amongst themselves, the decision finally comes down. Bilbo will go. He is instructed to hoot like an owl when something goes wrong. Bilbo finds three large persons sitting by the fire. They are trolls. All three are eating muttons and licking gravy off their fingers. Bilbo hears one of the trolls complaining about eating

LTWL | 120 | Tolkien and Middle Earth | lecture notes | Chapter Summaries of The Hobbi

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