Child Communication Language Ability

Intro to communications and disorders

Introduction to Human Communication and Disorders

• Augmentative- supplement to spoken communication Population who most typically uses AAC • Severe disorders of speech and lang • Congenital causes (CP, Autism, intellectual disability) • Acquired (stroke, TBI) Four components of AAC system, define, examples: • Symbols- aided (real objects) or unaided (gestures) • Device- electronic or not electron

SHS | 170 | Introduction to Human Communication and Disorders | study guides | • Augmentative- supplement to 

Study Guide SHS 170, Fall 2015 Exam 3 Note: This document is intended as a general aide in studying for the exam, it is not a comprehensive document. Not everything on this sheet will be on the exam, and conversely there may be questions on the exam not covered on the sheet. Please review the readings and lecture slides to prepare for the exam. What are some common causes/etiologies of Right Hemisphere Disorder? Damage to the side of the brain that is non-dominant for language functions. – Stroke / CVA – approximately 55% of CVAs are Left Hemisphere – 45% are Right Hemisphere. Other causes: Infection/illness, Surgery, Traumatic brain injury (TBI), Tumor How are Right Hemisphere Disorder characteristics classified? Give an example of an attentional, visuospatial, and communicative deficit associated with RHD. Attentional – Neglect – Difficulty processing and attending to information from the left side (contralateral) of the body/visual field. – Unawareness of objects (may hit objects when walking or moving wheelchair), may leave food on side of plate. – May neglect sounds on contralateral side (again not a hearing deficit). – May neglect contralateral side of body o Deny body parts—“This isn’t my arm.” o Fail to dress, groom one side Visuospatial: Prosopagnosia – Inability to recognize faces (even familiar faces, family members). Topographical difficulties – Confusion about location in space, which may involve difficulty drawing or reading maps or floor plans of well known places. Visual Scanning/tracking (similar to neglect) – difficulty moving from left-right on a page to see the entire field. Communicative: Difficulty organizing language – Tangential speech – Impaired judgment and self monitoring (e.g., perception and linguistic function) Reduced emotion in their speech and response to speech (flat affect) – Difficulty with both using and understanding prosody (intonation), and body language (facial expressions) to express information What are the most common causes of TBI? Most common causes of TBI: – Motor vehicle accident o 2/3 of all motor-vehicle accidents result in TBI – Sports-related injuries – Gun shot wounds – Falls Abuse – Types: Open head injury (Penetrating) – Closed head injury (Non-penetrating) Describe and give examples of possible deficits associated with TBI (Cognitive, Speech/language, Emotion/Personality). Cognitive deficits: – Difficulty with attention (simple-complex, sustained, divided) – Memory deficits (long term, short term, varying levels) – Problem solving – Executive function deficits • Executive functions allow individuals to generate and regulate goal directed, adaptive, and non-automatic behaviors. • Includes: – Self awareness – Self-monitoring of behavior – Planning – Initiation – Inhibition – Task completion – Cognitive flexibility Speech and Language deficits: – Dysarthria – Pragmatic and functional language use o Difficulty with topic maintenance, awareness of social uses of language, sequencing in conversation, relevance to context. Dysphagia: – Oral/Pharyngeal muscle involvement, impulsivity Emotional/Personality Changes – Aggression, disinhibition, apathy, impulsivity, denial/unawareness of deficit (anosognosia), socially inappropriate behavior, anxity (not an exhaustive list). Dementia is diagnosed when memory loss co-occurs with what other cognitive/communicative deficits? A diagnosis of dementia is made when a person presents with memory loss and at least one other cognitive-communicative ability that is declining/compromised. Definitive diagnosis can be made only through autopsy Diagnosis involves first attempting to exclude other possible causes (medication, metabolic conditions, nutritional deficiency, infection, toxicity, tumor, etc.).

SHS | 170 | Intro to communications and disorders | study guides | Study Guide SHS 170  Fall 2015

o Uncoordinated movement, poor balance, movements lack direcon, force & control o Clumsy, awkward, walking is diﬃcult o Cerebellum >>Basic Acouscs<< Sound-vibraon-wave-medium-cycles Waves : simple harmonic moon  Types of waves can be deﬁned by direcon of vibraon ( displacement ) relave to direcon of which wave is moving ( propagaon )  Trans

SHS | 170 | Introduction to Human Communication and Disorders | study guides | o Uncoordinated movement  poor

>>Hearing Impairment<< EXTERNAL EAR:  Excessive Ear Wax (cerumen): o Produced by cerminous and sebaceous glands in the ear canal o Purpose is to trap sand/dust, and other objects before geng to the eardrum o Migrates out of tcancal with skin of ear canal o Only a COMPLETE BLOCKAGE of the ear canal by cerumen causes a conducve loss  Swimmer’s ear (Os Exter

SHS | 170 | Introduction to Human Communication and Disorders | study guides | >>Hearing Impairment<< EXTERNA

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