General Chemistry

Chapter_12.docx-CHAPTER 12 ○ Chemical equilibrium ■

○ Nonmetals want to gain electrons and form anion; large IE and most negative electron affinities ○ Explain the dual nature of light and use the experiments and observations which led to that conclusion ○ Calculate energy, frequency, and wavelength of EM radiation ○ Explain the photoelectric effect and calculate work functions and electron energies ○ Exp

CHEM | 130 | General Chemistry | ○ Nonmetals want to gain elect

● CHAPTER 5 ○ Atomic masses ■ Objects do not need identical masses to count by weighing (average mass of jelly beans) ■ Total mass of atoms / number of atoms ■ Mass spectrophotometer used to determine masses ■ Average of all the isotopes of an element ○ The mole ■ The number equal to the number of carbon atoms in exactly 12 grams of pure C12= 6.022 x 10^23 atoms ● This m

CHEM | 130 | General Chemistry | ● CHAPTER 5 ○ Atomic masses ■ 

● CHAPTER 6 ○ Water ■ Interaction between water molecules and ions of a salt called dissolution ● Salts broken into cations and anions ● Solubility ○ Varies among substances ○ Difference in solubility of ionic compounds depend on attractions of ions to one another and to water ○ When ionic solids dissolve in water, ions undergo hydration and are dispersed ○ El

CHEM | 130 | General Chemistry | ● CHAPTER 6 ○ Water ■ Interact

● CHAPTER 13 ○ Acids and bases ■ Arrhenius: acids produce H+ in solution and bases produce OH- in solution ■ Bronsted Lowry: acid is a proton donor and base is a proton acceptor ■ Conjugate acid- base pair: two substances related to each other by donating and accepting a single proton (HA and A-) ■ Shift of reaction depends on the affinity for the proton ■ Ka is the a

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