Earth Dynamics

Earth History

Environmental Geology

Environmental Geology Spring 2014 Exam 2 Name: _______________________ ID:_______________________ 1. Which type of country tend to consume the most mineral resources? a. Undeveloped b. third world c . developed 2. Which of the following is NOT an environmental impact of coal usage? a. Land disturbances from open-pit and strip mining b. Increase in bio-diversity c. Mining area acid drainage d. Subsidence over subsurface mines 3. What is the current consumption rate of oil? a. 10 billion barrels/yr b. 20 billion barrels/yr c. 30 billion barrels/yr d. 40 billion barrels/yr 4. What is the predominant fossil-fuel resource used in the United States? a. Oil b. gas c. coal d. methane 5. Smelter emissions often cause what type of adverse environmental degradation? a. Asbestos deposition b. acid rain c.. acid mine drainage d. bridge collapse 6. Why are iron and steel recycled at such a high rate? a. Environmental regulations that require iron and steel to be recycled b. All sources of iron ore have been exhausted c. Iron and steel are very valuable on the precious metals market d. The market for iron and steel is large and widespread 7. What phase of mining generally causes the least environmental degradation? a. Processing b. extraction c. exploration and testing 8. The fact that mineral resources are formed slowly over time means that mineral resources are our _______ heritage from the geologic past a. Undeniable b. renewable c. nonrenewable 9. A _______ is a resource that is currently available to be legally and economically mined. a. Ore resource b. reserve c. local source d. foreign source 10. The _____ of a metal is a measure of its concentration necessary for profitable mining. a. Strength b. quality c. concentration factor 11. ____mineral deposits form through the circulation of hot, chemically active waters a. Hot spring b. hydrothermal c. oceanic d. placer 12. ____ mine drainage results from oxidation of sulfide-bearing deposits. a. Hydrothermal b. acid c. toxic 13. Sulfide deposits of copper and iron form through seawater circulation at ___ plate boundaries. a. Transform b. divergent c. convergent 14. ____ deposits form through the evaporation of marine basins or lakes. a. Hydrothermal b. evaporite c. metamorphic 15. A concentration of minerals that could now be legally mined at a profit is called a a. Metal b. reserve c. resource d. mineral deposit 16. Hydrothermal mineral deposits would be least expected to form in what type of plate tectonic setting? a. Transform boundary b. continental subduction zone c. divergent boundary d. active margin 17. Kimberlite popes are sources of what mineral? a. Gold b. silver c. diamond d. copper 18. Placer deposits are expected in what type of rock? a. Igneous b. metamorphic c. sedimentary 19. Most water pollution associated with mining operations has to do with a. Water passing through mine wastes b. hazardous chemical spills c.. failure of waste ponds d. improper disposal of ash 20. If surface mines tend to cause greater environmental impacts, why are they used? a. Surface mines are more economical b. Surface mines require the excavation of less rock c. Cyanide is not used to process ore from a surface mine 21. What is the principal social impact of mining operations?

GEOL | 105 | Environmental Geology | exam | Environmental Geology Spring 2

Geol_104_Cathy_Grace_Test_2_2014.docx-Exam 2 Geol 104 Fall 2014

34. Boulders deposited by glaciers far from their source are known as _______. a. Firns b. horns c. moraines d. erratics 35. The zone of accumulation on a glacier is a. The area where firn is converted to glacial ice b. Where additions exceed losses c. At a depth of 80 meters d. An erosional landform 36. Explain the differences in the texture of the igneous rocks granite and rhyolite. Explain how these differences occur. (6 points) Granite= phaneritic texture, igneous intrusive Rhyolite= aphanitic texture, igneous extrusive Chemically, granite and rhyolite are identical. The only difference is where they formed. Textural difference are due to the differences in their cooling environment (intrusive (inside earth) = slow cooling, extrusive = fast cooling). Granite forms from magma; rhyolite from lava. NOTE: Texture has NOTHING to do with “rough” or “smooth”. Granite can be described best as an igneous intrusive rock having a coarse grained OR phanertic texture. Rhyolite as igneous extrusive, fine grained OR aphanitic texture.. 37. Draw a cross-section view of a confined aquifer that includes a recharge zone, a dry well, an artesian well and a flowing artesian well. Be sure to label all wells, strata (permeable and impermeable) and the potentiometric (artesian pressure) surface (15 points) SEE PAGE 335. FIGURE 13.6. 5 38. What is a rip current? What is the best way to safely escape a rip current? (6pts) A STRONG NARROW CURRENT OF WATER TYPICALLY FLOWING FROM THE SHORE SEAWARD. SWIM PARALLEL TO SHORE IN DIRECTION OF LONGSHORE CURRENT UNTIL YOUR OUT OF THE RIP. THEN RETURN TO SHORE TO LIVE TO PLAY AGAIN. OR SIMPLY TREAD WATER UNTIL THE RIP LOSES ENERGY AND THEN ANGLE AWAY FROM THE CURRENT AND RETURN TO BEACH. 39. Name three countries that are currently using geothermal energy to meet the majority of their energy needs. (3 pts) 1 ._________ICELAND___ 2._USA__________________3._INDONESIA MEXICO ITALY NEW ZEALAND JAPAN PHILLIPINES INDONESIA_______ 40. Thoroughly describe one unit observed in Tishomingo State Park. Include information on lithology, depositional environment, geologic age and pertinent features (5 points) SEE EXAM 1 KEY 6 NEXT PAGE Extra Credit – 10 points. Geologic Time Scale. Not partial credit. Spelling must be correct. If you have not yet passed this test, you will not receive extra credit, but you will earn the 50 points for successful completion. SEE BLACKBOARD 7

GEOL | 103 | Earth Dynamics | exam | 34. Boulders deposited by glac

1 Name ____________________________________ GEOL 106 February 18, 2014 Lecture Exam #1 Multiple Choice. Choose the BEST answer. (2 pts each) 1. __B___ The 3 basic rock types in the rock cycle are: (A) lithic, ignic, metamict, (B) igneous, metamorphic, sedimentary, (C) quartz, feldspar, limestone, (D) limestone, dolomite, halite, (E) none of these. 2. __C___ The hardness of minerals is commonly measured on (A) the Moe’s Scale, (B) Carborundum Scale, (C) Moh’s Scale, (D) Diamond Scale, (E) a & b. 3. __D___ The depositional environment formed where a river meets the ocean and deposits its sediments is called (A) an oxbow (B) a thalweg, (C) a reef, (D) a delta, (E) none of these. 4. __A___ The age of the Earth is about (A) 4.56 billion years, (B) 4.56 million years, (C) 4.56 trillion years, (D) 3.56 million years, (E) 542 million years. 5. __A___ A rise in relative sea level is called (A) a transgression, (B) a regression, (C) a congression, (D) subsidence, (E) accommodation. 6. __D___ Absolute ages can be measured by (A) counting tree rings, (B) radioactive decay, (C) formation thickness, (D) a & b, (E) b & c. 7. __B___ The wind-blown silt that makes up the bluffs along the Mississippi and Missouri Rivers (including Vicksburg) is called (A) blowus, (B) loess, (C) fluss, (D) molasse, (E) greywacke 8. __A___ Important mineral deposits are often found where small intrusions of igneous rock cause (A) contact metamorphism, (B) regional metasomatism, (C) differential melting, (D) gravitational separation, (E) all of these. 9. __E___ Graphite and diamond are both composed of elemental carbon, but differ in their (A) luster, (B) hardness, (C) crystal form, (D) density, (E) all of these. 10. __E___ Sediments will be deposited in a basin only if there is (A) a transgression, (B) a regression, (C) a congression, (D) subsidence, (E) accommodation. 11. __E___ The tendency for a mineral to break along certain directions is called (A) luster, (B) hardness, (C) symmetry, (D) heft, (E) cleavage. 12. __A___ The ancient core area of a continent is called (A) craton, (B) crust, (C) aulacogen, (D) batholith, (E) crampon. 13. __D___ The physical process of moving rocks and soil by water, wind, and gravity is (A) deposition, (B) weathering, (C) diagensis, (D) erosion, (E) subsidence. 14. __A___ An erosional surface that creates a gap in the stratigraphic record is called (A) an unconformity, (B) a disparity, (C) a concavity, (D) a normal fault, (E) a reverse fault.

GEOL | 106 | Earth History | exam | 1 Name __

Exam 3 Geol 104 Fall 2014 Name:________________________ ID:___________________________ 1. Which of the following is NOT a type of volcano? a. Cinder cone b. shield c. summit/apex d. composite 2. Where did a major tsunami strike in December, 2004? a. Japan b. Chile c. Indian Ocean d. Alaska 3. What caused the devastating tsunami referenced in question 1? a. Underwater landslide b. earthquake c. Volcanic eruption d. none of these 4. Was there a tsunami warning system in the area referenced above at the time of the tsunami? a. Yes b. no c. it was in the process of being activated 5. The first step in producing a timely warning for a tsunami is a. Detection of a earthquake that could generate a tsunami b. Eyewitness reports of a tsunami c. Tidal gauge reports d. Tsunameter warning 6. Once a tsunami is generated it is least noticeable in a. Shallow water b. deep water c. harbors 7. ________ in Thailand are at least one type of animal that appear to have sensed the impending tsunami a. Lions b. kangaroos c. elephants d. warthogs 8. The horizontal and vertical distance that a tsunami moves inland is called ________ a. Runnoft b. runup c. impediment d. horizontal inundation 9. A ______ is issued when a tsunami has been detected and is moving toward an area. a. Tsunami alert b. tsunami watch c. tsunami warning 1. Why are most active volcanoes associated with plate tectonic boundaries? a. Plate tectonic boundaries are created by volcanism b. Spreading or sinking plates interact at plate boundaries with earth materials to produce magma c. Earthquakes at plate boundaries bring large amounts of magma to the surface d. Most volcanoes are located in the plate interiors rather than at plate boundaries 1. Viscosity of magma is controlled by a. The eruptive processes at work b. The types and amounts of gases dissolved in the magma c. The water content of the magma d. Temperature and silicon content of the magma e. 1. The shape of shield volcanoes is a function of a. Lava viscosity b. Proportion of pyroclastic debris on the volcano c. local variations in the tilt of the land surface before the eruption d. the explosive nature of the eruptions that produce the shield 1. Why do composite volcanoes consist of alternating lava and pyroclastic layers? a. Composite cones are created by lava composition alternating between basalt and rhyolite b. Composite cones typically are interlayered with lava flows from nearby shield volcanoes c. Composite cones are created by a mixture of pyroclastic debris and lava flows d. The lavas in composite cones are typically basaltic in composition 1. Mid-ocean ridge volcanism produces what type of volcanic rock? a. Basalt b. Andesite c. Rhyolite d. Tephra 1. Continental cones typically are associated with what type of plate tectonic feature? a. Mid-ocean ridge b. Hot spot c. Continental collision zone d. Subduction zone 1. What is the principal difference between craters and calderas? a. Calderas are much larger depressions created by collapse of the upper portions of the volcano b. Calderas are associated with cinder cones, while craters are associated with shield volcanoes c. Craters are created by explosive eruptions, while calderas are not

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