Anatomy and Physiology

Principles of Biology

Principles of Biology Chapter 4 Quiz 1. Photosynthesis is the process by which plants, some bacteria, and some protistans use the energy from sunlight to produce sugar, which _______________ converts to ATP, the "fuel" used by all living things. a. cellular respiration 2. Life gains most of its energy from: a. Sunlight 3. Which one of the following statements best represents the relationship between respiration and photosynthesis? a. Photosynthesis stores energy in complex organic molecules, while respiration releases it. 4. Potential energy: a.   is contained in matter placed in certain positions or arrangements. 5. Which of the following is NOT a form of kinetic energy? a. a covalent bond linking phosphate molecules 6. Every time a source of energy is converted from one form to another: a. some of the energy is converted to heat, which is one of the least usable forms of kinetic energy. 7. The first law of thermodynamics states that energy is constant; it can ____________________, but not _______________. a. be transferred and transformed; created or destroyed 8. When ATP is hydrolyzed to ADP, what happens? a. One phosphate is removed. 9. Each ATP molecule is composed of three separate subunits. Which of the following is NOT a proper description of one of these subunits? a. three carbon-nitrogen rings 10. Which of the following sequences accurately represents the flow of electrons during photosynthesis? a. H2O --> NADPH --> Calvin cycle 11. Which of the following is NOT a product of photosynthesis? a. carbon dioxide 12. A green plant can carry out photosynthesis if given nothing more than: a. water, light, and air. 13. Carotenoids: a. are accessory pigments in chloroplasts that protect the chlorophyll by absorbing excessive light energy. 14. Aerobic bacteria: a. lack mitochondria. 15. Anaerobic mammals: a. do not exist. 16. Cellular respiration is the process by which: a. energy from the chemical bonds of food molecules is captured by an organism. 17. Glycolysis: a. Occurs in all cells 18. Three different metabolic pathways are responsible for the production of ATP. What are they? a. glycolysis, the reactions on the electron transport chain, and the Krebs (citric acid) cycle 19. Which of the following energy-generating processes is the only one that occurs in all living organisms? a. Glycolysis 20. Energy used in cellular respiration can originate from: a. carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. 21. Fermentation reactions generally occur under conditions of: a. low oxygen concentrations. 22. All alcoholic beverages are produced as the result of: a.   cellular respiration by yeast occurring in the absence of oxygen. 23.   In cellular respiration: a. all of the above are correct 24. Which of the following statements about fermentation is NOT correct? a. All of the above are correct 25. Which of the following statements about glycolysis is INCORRECT? a. It requires oxygen.

BIO | 110 | Principles of Biology | assessment | Principles of Biology Chapter 

Leah Schmidt & Patricia Hash1 Cystic Fibrosis Quiz Key 1. What is a broad term for ways to prevent and control lung infections, loosening and removing mucus from the lungs, preventing or treating blockages in the intestines, providing enough nutrition, and preventing dehydration? a. Symptoms b. Treatments c. Phlegm d. Cystic Fibrosis 2. If the genetic or blood tests show signs of CF, a doctor will perform a ______ test to measure the amount of salt in the sweat. High levels of salt confirm the diagnosis. a. Genetic b. Blood c. Sweat d. Salt 3. Cystic Fibrosis is a _________ genetic disease meaning that both parents must be carriers of the gene in order for the offspring to have the disease. a. Dominant b. Codominant c. Immune d. Recessive 4. A person with Cystic Fibrosis produces an abnormal ______ protein or no _____ protein at all. a. CTRR b. CGTR c. CHTR d. CFTR 5. What is a genetic disease causing frequent lung infections and over time hinders the ability to breathe? a. Cystic Fibrosis b. Sickle Cell Anemia c. Pneumonia d. Down Syndrome 6. A ______ screening test is used to see if the newborn has defective CFTR genes. a. Blood b. Genetic c. Sweat d. Salt 7. There is no cure for Cystic Fibrosis. a. True b. False 8. Which area of the world is Cystic Fibrosis most prominent in? a. Russia Leah Schmidt & Patricia Hash2 b. China c. India d. United States 9. What is another name for mucus that could be used in this sentence: People with CF have increased ______ in their lungs, pancreas, and liver? a. Phlegm b. There is none, it is just mucus. c. Sweat d. Salt 10. Many ______ of this disease are heterozygous and never know they possess the gene. a. Fathers b. Mothers c. Carriers d. Sufferers 11. Who is a famous Canadian triathlete with Cystic Fibrosis? a. Michael Phelps b. Lindsay Vonn c. Donald Trump d. Lisa Bentley 12. What is a common symptom of Cystic Fibrosis that includes Pneumonia and Bronchitis? a. Situs Inversus b. Lung Infections c. Pancreatitis d. Diabetes 13. What is the ethnic/racial group most largely affected by Cystic Fibrosis? a. Caucasians b. African Americans c. Asian Americans d. Native Americans 14. CF is an _______ recessive pattern, meaning both copies of the gene in each cell have mutations. a. Dominant b. Genetic c. Autosomal d. Recessive 15. A _______ test is used to see if the newborn's pancreas is functioning properly. a. Blood b. Genetic c. Sweat d. Salt

BIO | 110 | Principles of Biology | assessment | Leah Schmidt & Patricia Hash1 

Patricia Hash BIO 110 1237 Assignment 5: Gene Expression and Mutations 30 points Part 1: Fill in the blanks and answer the questions. Be sure to give detailed responses! Transcription and Translation 1. Transcription uses DNA as a template to make mRNA . 2. Transcription occurs in the Nucleus of Eukaryotic cells. 3. Translation occurs in the Cytoplasm of Eukaryotic cells. 4. Translation produces Proteins . 5. Ribosomes are protein making factories. 6. What is a codon? Codons are the “three letter words” on the mRNA that each translate into an amino acid. Mutations 7. The 3 types of point mutations are  Nucleotide Substitution - One base is substituted for another.  Nucleotide Insertion/Addition - One nucleotide is added to the sequence.  Nucleotide Deletion - One nucleotide is deleted from the sequence. 8. Point mutations change one base in the DNA sequence. 9. What is a chromosomal aberration? A chromosomal aberration is a large change to the DNA in which genes or chunks of chromosomes are damaged or moved. 10. What are some of the major causes of mutations? Some major causes of mutations are mistakes during replication (spontaneous mutations), excess amounts of radiation (radiation-induced mutations), and chemicals that damage the DNA (chemical- induced mutations). 11. What are some of the possible results of mutations? Some of the possible results of mutations are sickness or death of the organism itself, neutral results (the mutation caused no harm but also no good), or good results if the mutation provides variability and no harm. Many organisms develop sickness or deformities directly because of mutations in DNA. Part 2: Compare the mutated strands of DNA to the original template DNA in number one. 12. Template DNA sequence with no mutations: TAC GCA CCG TAT CAT GAT AAT a. Transcribe the DNA to make an mRNA molecule. Write the correct sequence of bases below: AUG CGU GGC AUA GUA CUA UUA b. Translate the mRNA to make a strand of amino acids (a protein). Use the table of codons on page 191 in your textbook to help you. List the amino acids in order below: Methionine-Arginine-Glycine-Isoleucine-Valine-Leucine-Leucine 13. The following strand of DNA has a mutation. TAC CCA CCG TAT CAT GAT AAT c. Transcribe the DNA to make an mRNA molecule. Write the correct sequence of bases below: AUG GGU GGC AUA GUA CUA UUA d. Translate the mRNA to make a strand of amino acids (a protein). Use the table of codons on page 191 in your textbook to help you. List the amino acids in order below: Methionine-Glycine-Glycine-Isoleucine-Valine-Leucine-Leucine e. Compare this strand of DNA to the DNA in number 1. What type of mutation is this? (Be specific- list all mutation types that apply). This mutation is a nucleotide substitution point mutation. 14. The following mutation occurred to the sequence in #1: TAC GCA CCG TAT ATG ATA AT f. Transcribe the DNA to make an mRNA molecule. Write the correct sequence of bases below: AUG CGU GGC AUA UAC UAU UA g. Translate the mRNA to make a strand of amino acids (a protein). Use the table of codons on page 191 in your textbook to help you. List the amino acids in order below: Methionine-Arginine-Glycine-Isoleucine-Tyrosine-Tyrosine h. Compare this strand of DNA to the DNA in number 1. What type of mutation is this? (Be specific- list all mutation types that apply). This mutation is a nucleotide deletion point mutation that is also a frameshift mutation.

BIO | 110 | Principles of Biology | study guides | Patricia Hash BIO 110 1237 Ass

Poisoned Waters Discussion Quesons Name: _________________ 1) What are the major symptoms that indicate the decline of the Chesapeake Bay? ● Decline in ﬁsheries ● Lost oysters as a commercial ﬁshery ● Decline in water health from man-made polluon 2) What is a dead zone and how are they formed? It’s basically an area in water where algae have taken over and sucked all the oxygen, thus making those areas uninhabitable to life in the deep waters. It’s caused when an excessive amount of algae in an area from too much ferlizer sucks in all the oxygen in that area, making that area uninhabitable. 3) What’s the connecon between farm manure runoﬀ and the decline in the Chesapeake Bay Manure contains nitrogen and phosphorus, which create and feed algae. This would then lead to dead zones forming, destroying the bay. 4) Why have concentrated animal feeding operaons become so widely used? More animals can be raised in smaller areas, and at the same me lower costs. 5) What problems have been idenﬁed in nature that are believed to be caused by “emerging contaminants”? ● Intersex in ﬁsh ● Immune systems disrupted ● Frogs with six legs ● Intersex in Frogs ● Genec mutaons in general 6) What fracon of contaminants that were detected in the water before entering the recycling plant at the Washington aqueduct were also found in the ﬁnished water supply? Two-thirds

BIO | 110 | Principles of Biology | study guides | Poisoned Waters Discussion Que

Principles of Biology Chapter 1 Quiz 1. What is biology? a. the study of life 2. Which of the following is not a characteristic of life. a. Ecosystem 3. Which of these statements is correct? a. Scientific ideas are subjected to rigorous and repeated testing. 4. The changes that occur as a result of the interactions between organisms and their environment is called _____________ a. Adaptations 5. What is a   hypothesis ? a. A proposed explanation 6. Organisms require an input of energy in order to sustain life.   We need to eat food that we then break down to release energy.   We use the energy for muscle contractions, maintaining body temperature, etc.   The previous statement refers to a. Energy utilization 7. In a scientific experiment, what is the function of the control group? a. The control group serves as a basis of comparison with the experimental group. 8. How do hypotheses differ from theories? a. Theories are more comprehensive than hypotheses 9. An ________________ is when a person noticies some   natural event   of interest. a. Observation 10. Science itself is NOT capable of _____. a. addressing questions of ethical dilemmas 11. Which of these is a scientific hypothesis? a. My excessive urination may mean that I have high blood pressure. 12. Two garden plots were planted with corn. The soil was similar in each, and equal amounts of water were applied to each plot. One plot was fertilized, the other was not. The experimenters measured the yield as bushels of corn from each plot. The plot that did not receive the fertilizer was the _____. a. Control plot 13. A hypothesis must be testable to be scientifically valid. Being testable means that _____. a. some conceivable observation could prove the hypothesis incorrect 14. The   statement that living organisms are composed of cells is called   _________ . a. Cell theory 15. The best method for determining whether bean plants require sodium is to _____. a. grow bean plants with and without sodium 16. A researcher is interested in knowing the impact of a new drug on blood pressure levels.   The researcher has two groups of people.   One group is receiving the new drug while the second group is receiving a placebo.   The placebo acts as the _________________ in this experiment. a. Control 17. Which of the following is an underlying theme that ties together various topics of biology? a. Evolution 18. _______________ occurs when individuals make scientifica-sounding claims that are not supported by trustworthy; methodical scientific studies. a. Pseudoscience 19. Which of the following is a correct statement? a. The dependent variable is the outcome or the measured data and represented on the y- axis 20. Double blind is a technique used to control ____________ in experiments. a. biases

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