Introduction to Biology

Life Science Chapter 4 Quiz 1. What drives ATP synthesis at the ATP synthase complex? a . A proton gradient 2. The energy required to iniate a reacon is called [x]_____________ energy “Acvaon” 3. How many molecules of carbon dioxide are produced as the result of the metabolism of one molecule of glucose? d. 6 4. What is the beneﬁt of fermentaon in muscle cells when running or exercising? a. Conserves oxygen b. Regenerates NAD + which keeps glycolysis going c. Provides a rapid burst of ATP d. Both (b) and (c) 5. A reacon in which the products have more energy than the reactants are said to be Endergonic Reacon Chemical exergonic Endothermic 6. To what molecule does CoA aach during respiraon? c. 2-carbon acetyl group 7. The ﬁrst law of thermodynamics states that energy can not be created or destroyed 8. Under what condions would fermentaon occur? b.No oxygen 9. How many molecules of ATP are eventually produced from each FADH 2 oxidaon? b . 2 10. xf (SELECT ALL THAT APPLY) increasing temperature increasing concentraon of reactants increasing concentraon of products addion of enzymes 11. In which of the following steps is ATP not produced? b . Preparatory reaction 12. What is the product of fermentaon in human cells? a. lactate 13. The ﬁnal electron acceptor in respiraon is b. oxygen 14. The esmatd energy yield from glucose metabolism is ___ ATP from glycolysis and the citric acid cycle, and ___ ATP as a result of the electron transport chain and ATP synthase. d. 4; 34 15. How many molecules of ATP are eventually produced from each NADH oxidaon? c. 3 16. Glycolysis requires an investment of _______ ATP, but yields _________ ATP c. 2; 4 17. When a molecule is reduced, it loses electrons. False 18. In what part of the mitochondria is the electron transport chain located? c. Cristae

BIO | 1300 | Introduction to Biology | assessment | Life Science Chapter 4 Quiz 1.

Chapter 9 Quiz What decade did Rosalind Franklin, James Watson, and Francis Crick do the work that led to the proposal of the double-helical structure of DNA? b. 1950’s Which of the following nucleode bases is in RNA and DNA? Adenine (A) DNA synthesis proceeds ____________________. b. from 5' to 3' The result of a nucleode being deleted from the DNA sequence is a _____________________. a. frameshiﬅ mutaon Match the nucleic acid polymer on the leﬅ with its descripon on the right: B, D, A, C A. Carries amino acids to the ribosomes - tRNA B. The library of genec informaon - DNA C. Joins with proteins to form ribosomes where protein synthesis is carried out – rRNA D. Carries the genec informaon from the nucleus to the ribosome – mRNA During mRNA processing, the exons are cut out. False Mutaons are the source of new alleles of a gene True Which of the following does NOT take place in the cell nucleus? c. translaon A codon is a _______-leer unit of an mRNA molecule. c. three All of the following except ___________ are stages of translaon. c. expression The following are the steps to DNA replicaon except ________________. c. Transcripon CCA is a codon that codes for proline. What an-codon would be found on the tRNA that brings proline to the ribosome? d. GGU The process of DNA replicaon is said to follow a __________________ model semi-conservave According to Chargraﬀ's Rule, there is always the same number of ________ as there are adenine in a DNA molecule. c. thymine According to Chargraﬀ's Rule, there is always the same number of ________ as there are adenine in a DNA molecule. c. thymine Genes are encoded in the _____________ and are the instrucons for ________________. c. DNA; the amino acid sequence in proteins The start codon tells the RNA polymerase where to begin making mRNA, but does not code for an amino acid. False

BIO | 1300 | Introduction to Biology | assessment | Chapter 9 Quiz What decade did

BIOL 1300 – Summer 2020 FINAL 1. Which organism is most likely to reproduce by fragmentation? a. Hydra b. Sponge c. Bird d. Honeybee e. Frog 2. The smallest unit of life is a(n) a. Tissue b. Organ c. Cell d. Species e. Organism 3. The process of ________ transforms solar energy into chemical energy. a. Metabolism b. Homeostasis c. Respiration d. Photosynthesis e. Reproduction 4. A desert with little water, high heat, sand, cacti, and some mammals is a community TRUE FALSE 5. The Carbon Dioxide we exhale is produced by the cells of our body TRUE FALSE 6. Water molecules are Polar with positive hydrogen atoms in one molecule being attracted to the negative oxygen atoms in the other. This is a hydrogen bond. TRUE FALSE 7. When a car burns gasoline, much of the energy is released in the form of heat. Which of the following best describes this process in relation to the first law of thermodynamics? a. Energy is conserved. b. Energy can be changed from one form to another c. Energy is often destroyed. d. All energy comes from the sun. e. Energy is always used up in reactions. 8. An apple made up of energy-rich macromolecules is an example of potential energy rather than kinetic energy TRUE FALSE 9. Which one of the following molecules is able to move across the cell membrane by Facilitated diffusion? a. DNA b. Hemoglobin c. Carbon dioxide d. Glucose e. Starch 10. Darwin's primary mission on the HMS Beagle was to  a. Develop the theory of evolution b. Observe natural selection in action c. Gather data on geologic processes from around the world d. Describe as many different new species as possible e. Expand the Navy's knowledge of natural resources around the world 11. Critical to the theory of evolution, Darwin needed to include an idea that was not generally accepted by scientists or society at that time. That idea was that a. Catastrophism occurred at a uniform rate b. The inheritance of acquired characteristics was true c. The Earth must be very old d. Uniformitarianism was false e. Diversity of life was constant through time 2 12. Which is NOT an important characteristic of the Galápagos Islands in the context of Darwin's theory of evolution? a. The islands were too far from mainland South America for most terrestrial plants and animals to colonize. b. The organisms on the islands were different from those observed in South America. c. The organisms on the islands were similar to those observed in South America. d. The organisms on the islands varied from island to island. e. Multiple islands all had an identical environment 13. Which of the following is NOT a step in the process of natural selection?  a. Members of a population possess heritable variations. b. The population produces more offspring than the environment can support. c. Individuals who have favorable traits survive and reproduce more than those individuals lacking such T traits. d. People select which individuals breed and which ones do not e. Over multiple generations of reproducing, a larger proportion of the population will have those favorable traits and thus adaptation has occurred. 14. Prior to Darwin, people considered variation among individuals as "imperfections" that served no particular purpose.  TRUE FALSE 15. Fitness refers to: a. The variation in traits within the population b. Reproductive success c. Mutations that benefit an organism's survival d. The physical health of an individual e. The physical health of a population 3

BIO | 1300 | Introduction to Biology | exam | BIOL 1300 – Summer 2020 FINAL 

Dragon Genetics -- Independent Assortment and Genetic Linkage Inheritance of Single Genes Mother (WwHh) WH Wh wH wh Father (wwhh) wh WwHh Wwhh wwHh wwhh wh WwHh Wwhh wwHh wwhh wh WwHh Wwhh wwHh wwhh wh WwHh Wwhh wwHh wwhh Q1. On average, what fraction of the baby dragons will have big horns? 50%, 1/2 Q 2. Describe the phenotype of the gametes above. A. __ wings, big horns________ B. ___no wings, small horns __________ C. ___wings, small horns_ __________ D. ___no wings, big horns_ ________ Q 3. Using the Punnett Square you created above, indicate the genotype and phenotype of the 4 possible genetic combinations in the dragon babies. Genotype Phenotype Baby Type 1 __ WwHh _ __wings, big horns ____ Baby Type 2 _Wwhh_ _ _wings, little horns__ ___ Baby Type 3 wwHh__ _ __no wings, big horns_ ___ Baby Type 4 __wwhh _ _no wings, little horns__ ___ Q 4. This type of mating involving two different genes is more typically shown as a Punnett square with four rows and four columns as you did above. This particular Punnett Square can be created with only one row of genetic information. Explain why this can be done. Father is homozygous Q 5. Considering only the baby dragons with wings, what fraction do you expect to have big horns? 50% Q 6. Considering only the baby dragons without wings, what fraction do you expect to have big horns? 50% Q 7. Do you expect that baby dragons with wings and without wings will be equally likely to have big horns? Yes, 50%  Step 2. Repeat step 1 three times to make and record three more baby dragons. Record your results Mother ( WwHh ) wh wH Wh WH Father ( wwhh ) wh Genotype of baby = wwhh Number of babies with this genotype =__0__ Genotype of baby = wwHh Number of babies with this genotype =__1__ Genotype of baby = Wwhh Number of babies with this genotype =__2__ Genotype of baby = WwHh Number of babies with this genotype =__1__ Step 3. Draw a Punnett square to show the genotypes of the baby dragons that could be produced by this father and mother. Mother (wwffnnhh) wfnh wfnh wfnh wfnh Father (WwFfNnHh) wFnh wwFfnnhh wwFfnnhh wwFfnnhh wwFfnnhh wFNH wwFfNnHh wwFfNnHh wwFfNnHh wwFfNnHh Wfnh Wwffnnhh Wwffnnhh Wwffnnhh Wwffnnhh WFNH WwFfNnHh WwFfNnHh WwFfNnHh WwFfNnHh Q 8. Based on this Punnett square, will any of the baby dragons have the dominant allele W for wings, but not the dominant allele F for fire-breathing? Yes 25% Q 9. Will any of the baby dragons have the dominant allele W for wings, but not the dominant allele H for big horns? no Q 10. Explain the difference in results for the inheritance of the wing and fire-breathing genes vs. the inheritance of the wing and horn genes. Q 11. Will any of the baby dragons with wings have short fangs? Yes 25% Q 12. Will any of the fire-breathing baby dragons have short fangs? yes Q 13. Will any of the fire-breathing baby dragons have no wings? yes Q 14. Explain how genetic linkage accounts for these results. Genes end up moving together during fertilization so they are linked as opposed to inherited independently

BIO | 1300 | Introduction to Biology | lab | Dragon Genetics -- Independent

Chapter 8 Quiz If an individual is heterozygous for a speciﬁc trait S, Ss is called his c. Genotype When a heterozygote demonstrates an intermediate phenotype between those of the homozygotes, this is known as a. incomplete dominance Which of the following contradicts Mendel's "law of independent assortment"? b. Linked genes Crossing-over is the only way to recombine linked genes True Diﬀerent forms of a gene are called a. alleles Gregor Mendel began his experiments using "true-breeding" pea plants, meaning that c. the offspring had the sane characteristics as their parents and each other A woman with blood type A has two children with a man of blood type B. The children's blood types are B and O. What can we determine about the parents? b. Both the man and woman are heterozygous A mother has a homozygous recessive genotype for a gene on the X-chromosome. The father displays the dominant trait. What is the likelihood that their daughter will display the dominant trait? d. 100% A testcross is when an individual exhibing a dominant trait is bred with ________________ to determine the individual's genotype. c. another individual known to be homozygous recessive The A/B/O blood type grouping represents a good example of polygenic inheritance False What is the phenotypic rao of the oﬀspring of two dihybrid individuals? c. 9:3:3:1

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