Basic Biology

OLA 3 1. A type of passive diffusion in which water moves down the concentration gradient through the semipermeable membrane is: Osmosis 2. Which of these would allow the cell membrane disrupted, Soap 3. Active transport: Moves substances against the concentration gradient 4. Diffusing molecules move__ until they are__ Down their concentration gradients; evenly distributed 5. The continuous part of the plasma membrane is the: Phospholipid bilayer 6. The outer living limit of the cell is called: The plasma membrane 7. The area of the cell membrane where two layers of fatty acids tails face each other is called the: Hydrophobic region 8. A part of the plasma membrane that helps to keep it the correct fluidly is: Cholesterol 9. Which of the following is a characteristic of a plasma membrane? It is a phospholipid bilayer embedded with proteins. 10. Facilitated diffusion occurs by means of: Transport proteins

BIO | 10 | Basic Biology | study guides | OLA 3 1. A type of passive dif

Exercise #23 LAB REPORT Name: Kevin Scheive Section #:23 Nervous System Procedure 23.1 Brain Structures 1. What is the function of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)? Clear watery fluid that fills the space between the arachnoid membrane and the pia mater. 2. What is the function of the hypothalamus? Region of brain below thalamus that coordinates automatic functions. 3. What is the function of the cerebellum? Coordinate and regulate muscular activity. 4. What is the function of the medulla oblongata? The continuation of the spinal cord within the skull, forming the lowest part of the brainstem and containing control centers for the heart and lungs. Procedure 23.2 Spinal Cord Structures 1. What is the function of the meninges? Encloses the brain and spinal cord. 2. The central canal contains cerebrospinal fluid . Circle the correct term 3. The (ventral root / dorsal root ) carries sensory information to the central nervous system. 4. The (ventral root / dorsal root) carries motor information away from the central nervous system. Procedure 23.3 Nervous Tissue Name of Tissue Location(s) Function Sketch Nervous Tissue neurons and neuroglia Found in brain and spinal cord Sends or receives signal around body 1 Exercise #23 Procedure 23.4 Reaction Time 1. How might the results change if the subject used the other hand? The results may be slower because your other hand coordination is probably worse than the first hand. 2. List three examples of things that might slow down your reaction time. Distractions, loss of focus, and being under the influence can slow your reaction time 3. List three activities or professions were having a fast reaction time is important. Three activities could be laser tag, racecar driving, and professional video game players all need some type of quick reaction time. 2 Trial # Reaction Time milliseconds 1 273 2 239 3 237 4 341 5 263 6 257 7 259 8 245 9 254 10 243 Average 261.1

BIO | 10 | Basic Biology | lab | Exercise #23 LAB REPORT Name: 

lab_18.docx-Exercise #18 LAB REPORT Name: Kevin

Exercise #19 LAB REPORT Name: Kevin Scheive Section #:19 Mammalian Anatomy Procedure 19.1 Virtual Frog Dissection 1. How many toes are on the front feet? 4 2. How many toes are on the back feet? 5 3. Sketch the oral cavity of the frog. Label the following: internal nares, maxillary teeth, vomerine teeth, esophagus, tongue and Eustachian tubes 4. Did you dissect a male or female frog? Male frog 5. How do you determine the sex? Looking at its reproductive system and seeing testes inside of the frog. 6. Sketch the internal anatomy of the frog. Label the following: heart, lungs, liver, stomach, small intestine, colon, and bladder Thought Questions 1. What is the function of the tympanic membrane? Organ of frog that is responsible for hearing and forms the ear drum. 2. How is the frog heart different from the human heart? The heart of a frog has three chambers while the heart of a human has four. 1 Exercise #19 3. The liver in the frog is relatively large. What is the function of the liver? The liver produces bile for the frog that helps digest the food that it eats. 4. What is the function of the bladder? An organ that holds urine until it is ready to be released out of the body. 2

BIO | 10 | Basic Biology | lab | Exercise #19 LAB REPORT Name: 

Exercise #21 LAB REPORT Name: Kevin Scheive Section #:21 Respiratory System Procedure 20.1 Respiratory System Structures 1. Make a flow chart of the path that air takes though the respiratory tract. 2. The right lung has three lobes and the left lung has two lobes. 3. What is the function of the diaphragm? The primary muscle used in inhalation, and is located in the lower ribs. 4. Where are the vocal cords located? The vocal cords are located in the larynx. 5. What is the function of the trachea? The trachea is a wide tube that connects the larynx to the bronchi of the lungs. 6. What is the function of the pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium that lines the trachea ? It is located in places like the trachea and anywhere at the top of the respiratory system, and they collect materials that shouldn’t be in the respiratory system like dust and etc. 7. What is the function of the nasal cavity? A large empty space behind the nose where the air we breathe first goes before it heads for the lungs. 1 Exercise #21 Procedure 21.3 Make Your Own Lungs 1. Circle the correct terms: During ( inspiration / expiration ) the diaphragm relaxes causing the volume of the thoracic cavity to ( increase / decrease ). During ( inspiration / expiration ) the diaphragm contacts causing the volume of the thoracic cavity to ( increase / decrease ). As the volume of the thoracic cavity decreases the pressure ( increase / decrease ). As the volume of the thoracic cavity increases the pressure ( increase / decrease ). Procedure 21.3 Role of CO 2 in the Regulation of Ventilation Breath Hold Time (Sec) After normal breathing 62 sec After hyperventilation 76 sec After exercise 53 sec Explain why there are differences in the amount of time you can hold your breath after normal breathing, after hyperventilation, and after exercise. Include changes in blood chemistry in your answer. After hyperventilation, your body rids itself of most of the carbon dioxide and fills it with oxygen, so you’ll be able to hold your breath a bit longer, and after exercise I was out of breath and couldn’t manage to hold it as long as normal. Thought Questions 1. What is the Heimlich maneuver? It is a move used to take foreign objects out of the upper respiratory tracts by using your arms to force it up. 2. What is pneumothorax? A pneumothorax is just a collapsed lung. 2

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