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341Mid term review.pptx
341Mid_term_review.pptx
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341Mid term review.pptx-Process Overview Points yo...
341Mid_term_review.pptx-Process Overview Points you need to
341Mid term review.pptx-Process Ove...
341Mid_term_review.pptx-Process Overview Points you need to
Page 1
Process Overview
Points you need to know
from the process slides
Page 2
Waterfall Model
–
Page 3
Waterfall Phases
•
In the original waterfall model, the following
phases are followed in order:
–
Requirements specificaon
–
Design
–
Construcon (AKA implementaon or coding)
–
Integraon
–
Tesng and debugging (AKA validaon)
–
Installaon
–
Maintenance
Page 4
Discussion of waterfall
•
2.1 The Waterfall Model as a Process
•
The waterfall model describes a
process
for
soſtware development.
•
•The Waterfall Model is
document driven
. Each
step of the process yields
documents
.
•
For example, when Requirements Analysis has
been completed, there is a Requirements
Document. Before coding starts, there must be a
set of Design Documents.
•
Page 5
Phases
The waterfall model in its original form was not
intended to be executed without any iteraon,
although that is the interpretaon oſten given.
The
phases
given above are present in
any large
soſtware project
.
They are applied with varying flexibility in different
processes
Page 6
The spiral model
Each phase starts with a design goal and ends with the
client reviewing the progress thus far.
Analysis and engineering efforts are applied at each phase
of the project, with an eye toward the end goal of the
project
The spiral model combines the features of the
prototyping model and the waterfall model. It is intended
for large, expensive, and complicated projects.
Page 7
Spiral Model
Risk
anal
ysis
Risk
analysis
Risk
analysis
Risk
analysis
Proto-
type 1
Prototype 2
Prototype 3
Opera-
tional
protoype
Concept of
Operation
Simulations, models
, benchmarks
S/W
requirements
Requirement
valida
tion
Design
V&V
Product
design
Detailed
design
Code
Unit test
Integration
test
Acceptance
test
Service
Develop, verify
next-level product
Evaluate alterna
tives,
identify
, resolve risks
Determine objecti
ves,
alterna
tives and
constraints
Plan next phase
Integration
and test plan
Development
plan
Requirements plan
Life-cycle plan
REVIEW
Page 8
The spiral model
At the customer's opon, the enre project can
be aborted if the risk is deemed too great.
Risk factors might involve
–
development cost overruns,
–
operang-cost miscalculaon,
–
any other factor that could, in the customer's
judgment, result in an unsasfactory final product.
Page 9
Process and Errors
A process model must recognize the possibility of errors
and provide ways of correcng them
Errors made early in development tend to be more serious
(that is, more expensive to fix) than errors made later
The kind of errors made depend to some extent on the
process model.
As an example, consider an error in the requirements. With
the waterfall model, the error may not be noced unl
acceptance tesng, when it is probably too late to correct
it. (Note that the client probably does not see the soſtware
running unl the acceptance tests.)
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