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8-27-12.pdf
8-27-12.pdf
Showing 9-15 out of 40
8-27-12.pdf-MCB 2210 Instructors: Adam Zweifach Ke...
8-27-12.pdf-MCB 2210 Instructors: Adam Zweifach Ken
8-27-12.pdf-MCB 2210 Instructors: A...
8-27-12.pdf-MCB 2210 Instructors: Adam Zweifach Ken
Page 9
Cell Biology deals with an intermediate
level of organization of living matter
Ecosystems
Communities
Organisms
Tissues and organs
Cells
Organelles
Macromolecules and complexes
Organic compounds
Chemicals
Atoms
Subatomic particles
Increasing complexity
physics
chemistry
biochemistry
CELL BIO
developmental
bio
physiology
ecology
Page 10
Things You Should (Hopefully) Already Know Something About
Chemistry
•
Bonds (Covalent, ionic, hydrogen)
•
pH
•
Water, Solubility
Biological Molecules
•
Nucleic acids
•
Proteins
•
Lipids
•
Sugars
The Central Dogma: DNA makes RNA makes Protein
•
DNA
- double helix and replication/heredity
•
Genes
- coding/noncoding DNA, promoters
•
Transcription
- decoding DNA to make mRNA
•
Translation
- decoding mRNA to makes proteins
Protein Structure and function
•
Amino acid basics
•
Proteins fold into specific 3D shapes
•
Enzymes carry out chemical reactions needed for life
Page 11
Cell Biology is based on the
Cell Theory
•
1. All living creatures are made of one
or more cells
•
2. The cell is the basic structural unit of
living things
•
3. On today’s Earth, cells can only arise
by division from preexisting cells
Page 12
What is “life”?
•
The property or quality manifested in
functions such as metabolism, growth,
response to stimulation, and
reproduction, by which living organisms
are distinguished from dead organisms
or from inanimate matter.
Page 13
What is a cell?
•
The basic unit of life, possessing the
capacity to maintain itself and often
possessing the ability to reproduce
itself,
a cell is a membrane-delineated
unit of life that modifies and creates its
own internal environment through
chemical reactions.
Page 14
Basic properties of cells include:
•
Having a high degree of complexity
•
Encoding information in genes
•
Being delineated from the rest of the world by a
membrane
•
Being able to reproduce themselves
•
Being able to acquire and utilize energy
•
Being able to carry out a variety of chemical reactions
•
Being able to carry out mechanical activities
•
Being able to respond to stimuli
•
Being capable of self-regulation
•
Being capable of evolving
Note: Not all cells have to have all of these properties!!!
Many cells in our bodies cannot reproduce, for example
.
Page 15
Best evidence suggests a common
ancestry for all organisms on earth
The fact that the
fundamentals of life
processes (DNA,
RNA protein as well
as certain metabolic
pathways) are
similar in all cells
argues that there
was a
“
common
ancestor cell
.”
If
there were other
cells, their progeny
did not survive to
present
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University of Connecticut...
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School:
Cell_Biology
Course:
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Leland P.
Santa Clara University
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