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Bio 220 Exam 3 Study Guide.docx
Bio_220_Exam_3_Study_Guide.docx
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Bio_220_Exam_3_Study_Guide.docx-Bio 220 Exam 3 Study Guide
Page 4
Invasive Species (either intentionally or accidentally
introduced)
invasive organisms thrive in new territory where they
are free of usual predators, diseases, or resource
limitations that checked them in the original habitat.
Over past 300 years, approximately 50,000 non-native
species have become established in the U.S.
At least 4,500 are free-living.
15% of these cause environmental damage.
Endangered Species Act (ESA)
Established in 1973
Classification
o
Endangered
- those considered in imminent danger of extinction.
Once a species is endangered, USFWS is required to propose a
recovery plan detailing the rebuilding of the species to sustainable
levels.
o
Threatened
- those likely to become endangered, at least locally, in the
near future.
o
Vulnerable
- those that are naturally rare or have been locally depleted
to a level that puts them at risk.
Regulates
o
Taking
- (harassing, harming, pursuing, hunting shooting, trapping,
killing, capturing, or collecting) either accidentally or on purpose.
o
Selling, possessing, Transporting or Shipping
o
Importing into
or
exporting
out of the US
o
This is not necessarily up hold around the world but it is improving
o
Prohibitions apply to:
whole organisms, body parts, as well as products made from the
organisms.
Endangered species on the list
o
US has 1,372 species on its endangered and threatened list, and about 386
candidate species waiting for conservation
Number reflects more about human interest than statistics
Page 5
Invertebrates makes up 75% of all species but 9% are on
the list
Many animals go extinct during the process of getting onto the list
Recovery
o
Once endangered
USFWS is required to propose a recovery plan detailing and
rebuilding of the species to sustainable levels
Takes years and is expensive and subject to political
interference due to economic interest
Much of its habit and survival needs are jeopardized
Some Endangered Species Merit Special Attention
o
Keystone species
-
species has major effect on other members of
community (bison)
- A keystone species may be defined as one whose presence/
absence, or increase/decrease in abundance, strongly affects other
species in the community
o
Indicator species
- tied to specific communities or successional stages
(brook trout)
o
Umbrella species
-
require large blocks of undisturbed habitat
(northern spotted owl)
o
Flagship species
- attractive organisms to which people react
emotionally (giant panda)
Saved animals
:
Bald eagles, peregrine falcons, and whooping cranes
Private land and Critical Habitat
Habitat Conservation Plan (HCP)-
Land owners allowed to harvest
resources or build on part of land as long as endangered species benefits.
o
Method used to negotiate with land owners to protect endangered species.
Determining Which Areas Need Help First
Gap analysis
- seeks out unprotected landscapes rich in species
o
Looks at which area has the most species diversity
This way you do not have to buy all of the land, but rather the
portion with the most species.
Habitat Protection:
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