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Lecture 12.pdf
Lecture_12.pdf
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Lecture 12.pdf-Lecture 12 Servile Wars ● Accumulat...
Lecture_12.pdf-Lecture 12 Servile Wars ● Accumulation
Lecture 12.pdf-Lecture 12 Servile W...
Lecture_12.pdf-Lecture 12 Servile Wars ● Accumulation
Page 1
Lecture 12
Servile Wars
●
Accumulation of lands by the rich resulted in the creation of huge estates especially in
the south - latifundia
●
These estates had a huge number of slaves who were treated with terrible conditions
●
135 to 132 BCE on Sicily - 1st war
Gladiators and Games
●
Gladiators: prisoners of war, slaves who tried to run away, some free men who wanted
money (free gladiators could keep the prize money they earned)
●
Trained at gladiator games
●
Trained under harsh conditions
Spartacus the Thracian
●
We do not know very much about Spartacus and sometimes the sources are confusing
and contradictory
●
He was from Thrace - in Northern Greece
○
Possible served as a soldier with the Romans but taken prisoner and was sold as
a gladiator
○
Capua is a city in Campania - biggest amphitheaters in Roman world
Rebellion 73 BCE
●
73 BCE - Spartacus with a group of fellow gladiators plot to escape from the ludus
●
Seized weapons and armor and flee to nearby regions - eventually to Mt. Vesuvius
●
Crixus and Oenomaus - 2 leader gladiators from Gaul
73-71 BCE
●
Romans sent the praetor Gaius Claudius Glaber to kill the rebels, but manage to escape
using ropes made from vines
○
Rebels kill most of Roman army
●
Spartacus’ army grew by collecting free workers on rural estates as well as runaway
slaves - about 70,000 men
●
Defeated by Romans but Spartacus then defeated Roman army
●
Romans are in despair and choose as the leader of the expedition - Marcus Licinius
Crassus (very wealthy) - could finance a whole legion
●
Manages to confine Spartacus in the south and in 71 BCE - decides to cross over Sicily
but didn't work
●
Spartacus tries to negotiate with Crassus
Defeat
●
Crassus wins a final battle in the south - in Lucania
Cicero - Lawyer and statesman (106-43 BCE)
●
Born in Arpinum
●
No noble background
●
“New man”
Page 2
63 BCE
●
Voting takes place the year before in 64 BCE
●
2 candidates are of patrician background, one is not
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