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MIE508 20189 631575505914MIE508F 2018 FLUIDSOFBIOLOGICALSYST...
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MIE508_20189_631575505914MIE508F_2018_FLUIDSOFBIOLOGICALSYSTEMS_E.pdf-M1E508 - Fluids of Biological Systems
Page 1
M1E508
-
Fluids of Biological Systems
UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO
DEPT. MECHANICAL & INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING
Final Exam
Tuesday, December 18, 2018, 2 pm
-
4:30 pm, BA3116
Examiner: Edmond W.K. Young
NOTES:
This is a "Type D" examination. One personal double-sided 8.5" x 11" aid sheet
is allowed.
Calculators are permitted.
Attempt all parts of all questions
-
each part has the value indicated.
Time limit is 2.5 hours.
Maximum 100 marks.
1
Page 2
Question
1
[30 marks]
Answer the following short-answer questions.
(a) Name 5 types of
biofluid
that were studied in the course, and name the organ
system or tissue in which they can be found. Each answer should be written as a
pair: fluid
and
system.
(5 marks)
(b) Name 3 types of biofluid that were not studied in this course, and name the organ
system or tissue in which they can be found. (S
marks)
(c) Define or describe the following terminology:
Rouleaux formation (2
marks)
Hematocrit
(2 marks)
Womersley number
(2 marks)
Casson fluid
(2 marks)
Windkessel model for arterial flow
(2 marks)
(d) The pleural cavity of the lung contains
intrapleural fluid,
which has
intrapleu-
ral
pressure.
What is the magnitude of this intrapleural pressure relative to
atmospheric pressure (positive or negative), and what is the biomechanical reason
why this pressure is necessary for respiratory health? (6
marks)
Page 3
(e) A liquid plug is formed between two parallel plates that converge from left to right,
as shown in Figure 1 below. There are two air-liquid interfaces, one on the left with
radius of curvature
R
1
,
and one on the right with radius of curvature
R
2
.
Use the
Young-Laplace equation for surface tension to determine whether the plug moves
left or right. (6
marks)
Does the plug move left or right?
liquid plug
Figure 1: Plug moving in a converging channel. Does the plug move left or right?
91
Page 4
Question
2
[24
marks] A viscous liquid flows through the sectional cylindrical vessel shown in
Figure 2 below. The vessel has three sections with different lengths and radii. The
second (middle) section is filled with a porous hydrogel with permeability
K,
while the
first and last sections are simply filled with the fluid.
=
20 mm
L
2
=
4.0 mm
L
3
=
36 mm
=
1.2 mm
=
0.8 mm
=
0.4 mm
=
0.001 Pa-s
Q
=
1.6uL/s
P3
=
40 Pa
Po
=
0
K=?
r
1
'2
- - -- - - - -
-r-I
P3 =40 Pa
P
2
P
1
P0 =0
Figure 2: A porous hydrogel is positioned in the middle section.
What must be the permeability
K
of the hydrogel, in units of [mm
2
]?
(12 marks)
'What must be the pressure before and after the hydrogel,
P2
and
Pi,
respectively,
in units of [Pa]? (12
marks)
ri
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