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Modern Operating Systems by Herbert Bos and Andrew S. Tanenb...
Modern_Operating_Systems_by_Herbert_Bos_and_Andrew_S._Tanenbaum_4th_Ed.pdf
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Modern Operating Systems by Herbert Bos and Andrew...
Modern_Operating_Systems_by_Herbert_Bos_and_Andrew_S._Tanenbaum_4th_Ed.pdf-M ODERN O PERATING S YSTEMS
Modern Operating Systems by Herbert...
Modern_Operating_Systems_by_Herbert_Bos_and_Andrew_S._Tanenbaum_4th_Ed.pdf-M ODERN O PERATING S YSTEMS
Page 907
876
CASE STUDY 2: WINDOWS 8
CHAP. 11
Hive file
Mounted name
Use
SYSTEM
HKLM \SYSTEM
OS configuration information, used by kernel
HARDWARE
HKLM \HARDWARE
In-memory hive recording hardware detected
BCD
HKLM \BCD*
Boot Configuration Database
SAM
HKLM \SAM
Local user account information
SECURITY
HKLM \SECURITY
lsass’ account and other security information
DEFAULT
HKEY
USERS \.DEFAULT
Default hive for new users
NTUSER.DAT
HKEY
USERS \<user
id>
User-specific hive, kept in home directory
SOFTWARE
HKLM \SOFTWARE
Application classes registered by COM
COMPONENTS
HKLM \COMPONENTS
Manifests and dependencies for sys. components
Figure 11-9.
The registry hives
in
Windows. HKLM is a shorthand for
HKEY
LOCAL
MACHINE
.
configuration information should be arranged, and many applications take an ad
hoc approach.
Most users, applications, and all drivers run with full privileges and
frequently modify system parameters in the registry directly—sometimes interfer-
ing with each other and destabilizing the system.
The registry is a strange cross between a file system and a database, and yet
really unlike either.
Entire books have been written describing the registry (Born,
1998; Hipson, 2002; and Ivens, 1998), and many companies have sprung up to sell
special software just to manage the complexity of the registry.
To explore the registry Windows has a GUI program called
regedit
that allows
you to open and explore the directories (called
keys
) and data items (called
values
).
Microsoft’s
PowerShell
scripting language can also be useful for walking through
the keys and values of the registry as if they were directories and files. A more in-
teresting tool to use is
procmon
, which is available from Microsoft’s tools’ Web-
site:
www.microsoft.com/technet/sysinternals
.
Procmon
watches all the registry accesses that take place in the system and is
very illuminating.
Some programs will access the same key over and over tens of
thousands of times.
As the name implies,
regedit
allows users to edit the registry—but be very
careful if you ever do. It is very easy to render your system unable to boot, or
damage the installation of applications so that you cannot fix them without a lot of
wizardry.
Microsoft has promised to clean up the registry in future releases, but
for now it is a huge mess—far more complicated than the configuration infor-
mation maintained in UNIX.
The complexity and fragility of the registry led de-
signers of new operating systems—in particular—iOS and Android—to avoid any-
thing like it.
The registry is accessible to the Win32 programmer.
There are calls to create
and delete keys, look up values within keys, and more.
Some of the more useful
ones are listed in Fig. 11-10.
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