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Modern Operating Systems by Herbert Bos and Andrew S. Tanenb...
Modern_Operating_Systems_by_Herbert_Bos_and_Andrew_S._Tanenbaum_4th_Ed.pdf
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Modern Operating Systems by Herbert Bos and Andrew...
Modern_Operating_Systems_by_Herbert_Bos_and_Andrew_S._Tanenbaum_4th_Ed.pdf-M ODERN O PERATING S YSTEMS
Modern Operating Systems by Herbert...
Modern_Operating_Systems_by_Herbert_Bos_and_Andrew_S._Tanenbaum_4th_Ed.pdf-M ODERN O PERATING S YSTEMS
Page 894
SEC. 11.1
HISTORY OF WINDOWS THROUGH WINDOWS 8.1
863
the same time, processor performance ceased to improve at the same rate it had
previously, due to the difficulties in dissipating the heat created by ever-increasing
clock speeds.
Moore’s Law continued to hold, but the additional transistors were
going into new features and multiple processors rather than improvements in sin-
gle-processor performance.
All the bloat in Windows Vista meant that it per-
formed poorly on these computers relative to Windows XP, and the release was
never widely accepted.
The issues with Windows Vista were addressed in the subsequent release,
Windows 7
.
Microsoft invested heavily in testing and performance automation,
new telemetry technology, and extensively strengthened the teams charged with
improving performance, reliability, and security.
Though Windows 7 had rela-
tively few functional changes compared to Windows Vista, it was better engineered
and more efficient. Windows 7 quickly supplanted Vista and ultimately Windows
XP to be the most popular version of Windows to date.
11.1.5 2010s: Modern Windows
By the time Windows 7 shipped, the computing industry once again began to
change dramatically.
The success of the Apple iPhone as a portable computing de-
vice, and the advent of the Apple iPad, had heralded a sea-change which led to the
dominance of lower-cost Android tablets and phones, much as Microsoft had dom-
inated the desktop in the first three decades of personal computing.
Small,
portable, yet powerful devices and ubiquitous fast networks were creating a world
where mobile computing and network-based services were becoming the dominant
paradigm. The old world of portable computers was replaced by machines with
small screens that ran applications readily downloadable from the Web.
These ap-
plications were not the traditional variety, like word processing, spreadsheets, and
connecting to corporate servers. Instead, they provided access to services like Web
search, social networking, Wikipedia, streaming music and video, shopping, and
personal navigation. The business models for computing were also changing, with
advertising opportunities becoming the largest economic force behind computing.
Microsoft began a process to redesign itself as a
devices and services
company
in order to better compete with Google and Apple.
It needed an operating system
it could deploy across a wide spectrum of devices: phones, tablets, game consoles,
laptops, desktops, servers, and the cloud.
Windows thus underwent an even bigger
evolution than with Windows Vista, resulting in
Windows 8
.
However, this time
Microsoft applied the lessons from Windows 7 to create a well-engineered, per-
formant product with less bloat.
Windows 8 built on the modular
MinWin
approach Microsoft used in Win-
dows 7 to produce a small operating system core that could be extended onto dif-
ferent devices. The goal was for each of the operating systems for specific devices
to be built by extending this core with new user interfaces and features, yet provide
as common an experience for users as possible.
This approach was successfully
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