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Modern Operating Systems by Herbert Bos and Andrew S. Tanenb...
Modern_Operating_Systems_by_Herbert_Bos_and_Andrew_S._Tanenbaum_4th_Ed.pdf
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Modern Operating Systems by Herbert Bos and Andrew...
Modern_Operating_Systems_by_Herbert_Bos_and_Andrew_S._Tanenbaum_4th_Ed.pdf-M ODERN O PERATING S YSTEMS
Modern Operating Systems by Herbert...
Modern_Operating_Systems_by_Herbert_Bos_and_Andrew_S._Tanenbaum_4th_Ed.pdf-M ODERN O PERATING S YSTEMS
Page 546
SEC. 7.13
RESEARCH ON VIRTUALIZATION AND THE CLOUD
515
One of the nice things about virtualization hardware is that untrusted code can
get direct but safe access to hardware features like page tables, and tagged TLBs.
With this in mind, the Dune project (Belay, 2012) does not aim to provide a ma-
chine abstraction, but rather it provides a
process
abstraction. The process is able
to enter Dune mode, an irreversible transition that gives it access to the low-level
hardware. Nevertheless, it is still a process and able to talk to and rely on the ker-
nel. The only difference that it uses the
VMCALL
instruction to make a system call.
PROBLEMS
1.
Give a reason why a data center might be interested in virtualization.
2.
Give a reason why a company might be interested in running a hypervisor on a ma-
chine that has been in use for a while.
3.
Give a reason why a software developer might use virtualization on a desktop machine
being used for development.
4.
Give a reason why an individual at home might be interested in virtualization.
5.
Why do you think virtualization took so long to become popular? After all, the key
paper was written in 1974 and IBM mainframes had the necessary hardware and soft-
ware throughout the 1970s and beyond.
6.
Name two kinds of instructions that are sensitive in the Popek and Goldberg sense.
7.
Name three machine instructions that are not sensitive in the Popek and Goldberg
sense.
8.
What is the difference between full virtualization and paravirtualization? Which do
you think is harder to do?
Explain your answer.
9.
Does it make sense to paravirtualize an operating system if the source code is avail-
able? What if it is not?
10.
Consider a type 1 hypervisor that can support up to
n
virtual machines at the same
time. PCs can have a maximum of four disk primary partitions. Can
n
be larger than 4?
If so, where can the data be stored?
11.
Briefly explain the concept of process-level virtualization.
12.
Why do type 2 hypervisors exist? After all, there is nothing they can do that type 1
hypervisors cannot do and the type 1 hypervisors are generally more efficient as well.
13.
Is virtualization of any use to type 2 hypervisors?
14.
Why was binary translation invented? Do you think it has much of a future? Explain
your answer.
15.
Explain how the x86’s four protection rings can be used to support virtualization.
16.
State one reason as to why a hardware-based approach using VT-enabled CPUs can
perform poorly when compared to translation-based software approaches.
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