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Modern Operating Systems by Herbert Bos and Andrew S. Tanenb...
Modern_Operating_Systems_by_Herbert_Bos_and_Andrew_S._Tanenbaum_4th_Ed.pdf
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Modern Operating Systems by Herbert Bos and Andrew...
Modern_Operating_Systems_by_Herbert_Bos_and_Andrew_S._Tanenbaum_4th_Ed.pdf-M ODERN O PERATING S YSTEMS
Modern Operating Systems by Herbert...
Modern_Operating_Systems_by_Herbert_Bos_and_Andrew_S._Tanenbaum_4th_Ed.pdf-M ODERN O PERATING S YSTEMS
Page 921
890
CASE STUDY 2: WINDOWS 8
CHAP. 11
in terms of their location in their files. This differs from physical block caching, as
in UNIX, where the system maintains a cache of the physically addressed blocks of
the raw disk volume.
Cache management is implemented using mapped files. The actual caching is
performed by the memory manager.
The cache manager need be concerned only
with deciding what parts of what files to cache, ensuring that cached data is
flushed to disk in a timely fashion, and managing the kernel virtual addresses used
to map the cached file pages.
If a page needed for I/O to a file is not available in
the cache, the page will be faulted in using the memory manager.
We will study
the cache manager in Sec. 11.6.
The
security reference monitor
enforces Windows’ elaborate security mech-
anisms, which support the international standards for computer security called
Common Criteria
, an evolution of United States Department of Defense Orange
Book security requirements.
These standards specify a large number of rules that a
conforming system must meet, such as authenticated login, auditing, zeroing of al-
located memory, and many more. One rules requires that all access checks be im-
plemented by a single module within the system.
In Windows, this module is the
security reference monitor in the kernel. We will study the security system in more
detail in Sec. 11.10.
The executive contains a number of other components that we will briefly de-
scribe. The
configuration manager
is the executive component which imple-
ments the registry, as described earlier.
The registry contains configuration data for
the system in file-system files called
hives
.
The most critical hive is the
SYSTEM
hive which is loaded into memory at boot time.
Only after the executive layer has
successfully initialized its key components, including the I/O drivers that talk to
the system disk, is the in-memory copy of the hive reassociated with the copy in
the file system.
Thus, if something bad happens while trying to boot the system,
the on-disk copy is much less likely to be corrupted.
The LPC component provides for a highly efficient interprocess communica-
tion used between processes running on the same system.
It is one of the data tran-
sports used by the standards-based remote procedure call facility to implement the
client/server style of computing.
RPC also uses named pipes and TCP/IP as tran-
sports.
LPC was substantially enhanced in Windows 8 (it is now called
ALPC
, for
Advanced LPC
) to provide support for new features in RPC, including RPC from
kernel mode components, like drivers. LPC was a critical component in the origi-
nal design of NT because it is used by the subsystem layer to implement communi-
cation between library stub routines that run in each process and the subsystem
process which implements the facilities common to a particular operating system
personality, such as Win32 or POSIX.
Windows 8 implemented a publish/subscibe service called
WNF
(
Windows
Notification Facility
). WNF notifications are based on changes to an instance of
WNF state data.
A publisher declares an instance of state data (up to 4 KB) and
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