Tanapoom Sintananukul

HK 10000

Chapter 14 Questions (10 pts)

1. Oxygen consumption (.5 pt)

a. is similar across all workloads for both sedentary and highly trained people

b.

increases as workload increases for both sedentary and trained people

c. decreases as workload increases for highly trained but not sedentary people

d. decreases as workload increases for sedentary but not highly trained people

2. Heart rate (.5 pt)

a

. is lower at any given workload for ighly trained people than for sedentary people

b. is lower for sedentary people than for highly trained people at high but not low workloads

c. remains unchanged for highly trained people from low to high workloads

d. remains unchanged for sedentary people from low to high workloads

3. What changes occur to the cardiovascular system as a result of endurance training in adults? (8 different

adaptations and consequences) (4 pts)

The changes that occurs to the cardiovascular system as a result of endurance training in adults are

increased VO2max, increased muscle glycogen, increased mitochondrial enzymes, increased use of fats as

substrate, enhanced lactic acid removal and oxidation, increased lactic acid threshold, increased capillary

number, increased oxygen extraction by muscle. The consequences of these are greater endurance

performance, more work before onset of fatigue, increased oxidative capacity, less reliance on glycogen;

less glycogen depletion.

4. What changes occur to the muscular system after strength training in adults? Be sure to include changes in

muscle size, metabolic adaptations, neural adaptations, and effects on muscle fiber type. (2 pts)

The changes are increased muscle ATP and PCr, increased muscle glycogen, increased anaerobic

enzymes, increased lactic acid buffering, increased muscle fibre size. The consequence of these are more

ATP at onset of exercise, more glycogen available delays onset of fatigue, more ATP synthesized via

glycolysis, higher capacity to tolerate high lactic acid levels and increased muscular strength and power.

5. Explain how the principles of specificity, training variables, overload, individualization, periodization, and

reversibility influence exercise prescription. (3 pts)

All of these principles can influence exercise prescription because when you are designing your work out

plans you need to come up with different exercise/workout for each day. For example, training variables

is when one is manipulated several variables when designing and exercise-training program which means

the type of exercise, duration, intensity and frequency. This is good because you can decide how long

your workouts are and the intensity. Another example is overload. This is when the body adapts to the

physiological and metabolic demands of training over time, which means athletes continually adjusted to

accommodate recent adaptations and increased work capacity.