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SOC 100 Exam 3 Concept List.docx
SOC_100_Exam_3_Concept_List.docx
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SOC_100_Exam_3_Concept_List.docx-SOC 100 Exam 3 Concept List:
Page 1
SOC 100 Exam 3 Concept List:
Social Institution- A social institution is an accepted way of doing something, the recognized and
accepted staff of people who do it, and the way those people are organized.
●
How Social Institutions Differ (tripartite scheme for analyzing them)-
●
(legal system; schooling)
●
Tracking
Course Sequencing-Linked sets of courses appropriate for certain destinations (e.g., college-
bound)
Will still often create distinctive groups of students who move together throughout the
day
●
“Grade Inflation”
Culture-
Culture is the social behavior and norms found in human societies. Culture is
considered a central concept in anthropology, encompassing the range of phenomena that are
transmitted through social learning in human societies
Artefacts-
an object made by a human being, typically an item of cultural or historical interest.
Values-
a person's principles or standards of behavior; one's judgment of what is important in
life.
Beliefs-
an acceptance that a statement is true or that something exists.
Individualism-
a social theory favoring freedom of action for individuals over collective or state
control.
Collectivism-
the practice or principle of giving a group priority over each individual in it.
●
Opportunity Structure
Ideology-
An ideology is a collection of normative beliefs and values that an individual or group
holds for other than purely epistemic reasons
●
Meritocratic Individualism-
an elite group of people whose progress is based on
ability and talent rather than on class privilege or wealth
Aspiration- a hope or ambition of achieving something.
Stereotype-
an over-generalized belief about a particular category of people
○
Stereotype Boost-
suggests that positive
stereotypes
may enhance
performance
Page 2
○
Stereotype Threat-
people are or feel themselves to be at risk of conforming
to
stereotypes
about their social group
Prejudice-
an affective feeling towards a person or group member based solely on that person's
group membership.
Discrimination-
the unjust or prejudicial treatment of different categories of people or things,
especially on the grounds of race, age, or sex.
○
Institutional
○
Statistical
○
Interpersonal
Implicit Bias-
An implicit bias, or implicit stereotype, is the unconscious attribution of particular
qualities to a member of a certain social group. Implicit stereotypes are influenced by
experience, and are based on learned associations between various qualities and social
categories, including race or gender.
Normative Analysis-
expresses a value judgment about whether a situation is desirable or
undesirable. It looks at the world as it "should" be
Positive Analysis- What is?How do things happen?Which causes are more important than other
causes in creating some outcome?
●
Policy Analysis- A policy might work practically, but would you accept it normatively?
●
Labor Market
●
School to work transition
Structural Mobility-
Structural mobility
is a kind of vertical
mobility
.
Structural mobility
refers to
mobility
that is brought about by changes in stratification hierarchy itself. It is a
vertical movement of a specific group, class or occupation relative to others in the
stratification system.
Circulation Mobility-
Mobility that increases (or decreases) because people's social
destinations become less (or more) tied to their social origins, over-and-above any
change in the distribution of social positions.
Recessions-
a period of temporary economic decline during which trade and industrial activity
are reduced, generally identified by a fall in GDP in two successive quarters.
●
Differential impact of recessions on different groups in society
●
School as an agent of socialization, smoothing the transition into work
●
School readiness skills
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