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Microbiology

Name: Deja Whitehurst Section:_ 3011 Micro Digital Media 3/e Copyright © 2014 Intuitive Systems, Inc. - 1 - Enterotoxin Pathogenicity and Virulence Factors Activity 22 Pathogenicity refers to the capacity to cause disease. Virulence is a measure of pathogenicity. Many bacteria are pathogenic but not particularly virulent – it takes a huge number of organisms to cause disease. Others can cause horrible infections with only a handful of organisms entering a vulnerable area of the body. The number of cells needed to cause disease is called the Infectious Dose and is often referred to as the ID 50 – the number of organisms required to cause disease in 50% of a test population. The higher the ID 50 , the lower the virulence, since it takes more microbes to cause disease than for a diﬀerent pathogen with a low ID 50 . Virulence and infectious dose are inversely proportional . What makes one microbe more virulent than another? Some bacteria possess enzymes and cell structures that make them better able to resist the normal defenses of the body. In such a case, they would have a greater chance of establishing a disease-causing infection. These virulence factors include toxins and invasive factors that are commonly discussed in microbiology courses. Complete the following exercise in the Virtual Lab to learn more about pathogenicity and virulence. 1. Enter the Virtual Lab and select Pathogenicity from the list of predeﬁned unknowns. Your instructor will tell you whether to check the box permitting autoinoculation . Read the Case Study carefully and proceed to identify the organism responsible. Use your textbook and VirtualUnknown™ Microbiology Help resources to answer the following questions. You may also need to review the Case Study for important details. Case Study # 1 _ 91 _. NOTE: If your instructor is creating your unknowns with the Admin Console, you may be assigned Case Studies chosen specifically for you. If not, your Case Studies are assigned randomly by the software based on those that are appropriate to the varied environmental and medical conditions linked to the microbe you were assigned. If the case study you receive is inappropriate to the particular Exercise you are completing, your instructor may suggest you continue creating additional new unknowns until you receive a case study that fits the Exercise assigned. 2. Conduct the biochemical tests necessary to identify this microbe. What is the identity of this microbe ? Yersinia enterocolitical 3. Which of the following would describe the toxin most likely produced by this organism ? (circle) Cytotoxin Neurotoxin Endotoxin What evidence supports your selection ? Enterotoxins aﬀect intestines which can cause diarrhea and abdominal pain which is also a symptom of the microbe. 4. What is the likely portal of entry in diseases caused by this organism ? The gastrointestinal tract and mouth is likely the portal of entry. 5. Did this organism most likely originate in the food or in the creek? Explain your answer I feel as if food is the more likely place where it originated from because of how it is isolated from many of the raw foods and dairy products.

BIOL | 3010 | Microbiology | homework | Name: Deja Whitehurst Section:

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