Biology I

Genetics

Principles of Biology I

Worksheet 1 Name: Biological Molecules Section: 20 points Date Turned In: 2/12/2019 Introduction: 1. (3 pts) If a lab group combined an Unknown solution with Iodine and observed a color change from yellow to black, which of the following terms would ﬁt this result? a. positive control b. positive result c. negative control d. negative result Circle ONE and explain your reasoning. I’ts positive result because we are dealing with an unkwown that changed colors from yellow to black which indicates a positive test result. 2. (2 pts) If the Biuret test from this lab were quantitative rather than qualitative, explain how the data you recorded would be diﬀerent. If it was quantitative, instead of just revealing the color change, it would have to involve a value with numbers. For instance, it would have a rate of change, or a graph that reveals the amount of concentration that the Biuret would have in the solution. Materials and Methods: 3. (3 pts) Respond to this question from an IMB student in last fall’s class: “Wouldn’t we get out of the lab sooner if we just tested the unknown milk solutions?” No because it would lack validity. We would need to perform the known tests to compare it to the unknown to ensure it is accurate. 4. (3 pts) Respond to this question from an IMB student in last spring’s class: “After we do the controls, wouldn’t it be easier to use one drop of the indicator and one drop of the unknown solution? Wouldn’t we get out of lab sooner?” No because the experiment would be compromised. Each indicator requires diﬀerent speciﬁc measurements and if we were to change it, it would reveal the wrong results because we are lacking the right amount of reagents. Results: 5. (4 pts) For each of the listed unknown solutions, provide the BEST experimental evidence that demonstrates that it is NOT fat free milk. Circle the letter or letters of solutions that could be fat free milk. Evidence against fat free milk Unknown A It was negative for protein. Unknown B It was positive for lipid. Unknown C It was positive for lipid. Unknown D It could be fat-free milk because it was negatie for both lipid and starch and positive for protein. Unknown E It was positive for starch. Discussion: 7. (2 pts) The ﬁgures below shows cells of wheat that have been stained with Iodine. . Decide if you think starch is or is not present. Then answer this hypothetical question: If a cow were to eat this plant and we collected its skin cells and stained them with iodine, do you think starch would appear? Explain why or why not? No, starch wouldn’t be present because although there was starch present on the weath cells, it wouldn’t appear on the cow’s skin cells because they don’t produce starch so it would have been broken down.

BIO | 150 | Biology I | lab | Worksheet 1 Name: Biological M

Name: Kristal Ziemba Section: T 11AM-1:45PM Chi-Square Calculation Assignment based on Corn Data (12 pts) 1) In looking at kernel color (purple or yellow) and endosperm shape (starchy or sweet), what is the Null Hypothesis (in terms of bead sampling) for this data (1)? NO DIFFER BASED ON THE DATA 2) Based on this data and your Null hypothesis stated above, what do you think that Mode of Inheritance is for this phenotype (1)? Key: s-purple S-starchy Y-yellow s-sweet 3) What are your O (observed) and E (expected) values (1)? P.S 180 P.s 78 1/4 (85.5) Y.S54 Y.s 30 Total 342 4) How many degrees of freedom are there (1)? 4-1= 3 5) What is your X 2 value (1)? ¿ X 2 = 152.7 6) What is the probability (p value) that this data resulted from chance (1)? P= 0.00001 7) Based on this chi-square analysis can you reject or fail to reject your null hypothesis? Explain your answer and state what this means about your data (2). p< 0.05 Name: Kristal Ziemba Section: T 11AM-1:45PM 8) You are investigating the claim that estrogen within the water supply is resulting in more female births. The total number of births in this region was 284, with 162 of them being female and the rest boys. Using a chi-square analysis, determine of these claims might be true. Explain your answer (4).

BIO | 240 | Genetics | homework | Name: Kristal Ziemba Section: 

Bio_201_Test_.docx.docx-The approach to estimating phylogenetic trees

Lavoni Zaman  Professor Ruma Bio 201 April 04, 2020 Homework 1. Action Potential: An action potential occurs when a neuron sends information down an axon, away from the cell body. The action potential is an explosion of electrical activity that is created by a depolarizing current. It also made through which a neuron transports electrical signals . 2. Muscular system: The muscular system is an organ system consisting of skeletal, smooth and cardiac muscles. It allows movement of the body, maintains posture and circulates blood throughout the body. 3. Nervous system: The nervous system is a system in the body that sends signals around the body. It also lets people and animals respond to what is around them.  The structure of the nervous system includes the brain and spinal cord, which together are called the central nervous system. 4. Reproductive system:  The reproductive system or genital system is a system of sex organs within an organism that works together for the purpose of sexual reproduction. The function of the reproductive system is to produce egg and sperm cells, transport and sustain these cells, to nurture the developing offspring and to produce hormones

BIO | 201 | Principles of Biology I | homework | Lavoni Zaman  Professor Ruma B

4/11/2020 Ch 24 HW https://session.masteringbiology.com/myct/assignmentPrintView?assignmentID=9080251 1/18 Ch 24 HW Due: 11:59pm on Sunday, February 16, 2020 You will receive no credit for items you complete after the assignment is due. Grading Policy Defining Species Scientists have proposed more than two dozen ways to define species. One commonly used definition, called the biological species concept , holds that populations belong to the same species if they can contribute genes to a common gene pool. Reproductive barriers block gene flow between different species. Gene flow between populations tends to hold the gene pool of a species together. Part A - Comparing species definitions Three of the most prominent definitions of species are the biological species concept, the phylogenetic species concept, and the morphological species (morphospecies) concept. Drag each characteristic to the appropriate bin based on the species concept(s) to which it applies. Hint 1. Definitions of phylogeny and phylogenetic trees Phylogeny refers to the evolutionary history of a species or group of species. Phylogenetic trees are branching diagrams intended to show the evolutionary histories of related species. Because it is impossible to directly observe these relationships as they develop, phylogenetic trees are hypotheses and may change over time as new findings come to light. The phylogenetic species concept defines a species as the smallest group of organisms that share a common ancestor. Hint 2. How can the morphological species concept be used in species classification? The morphological species (morphospecies) concept groups organisms into species based on structural features. Which of the following might be used in classifying a species by the morphological species concept? Select all that apply. ANSWER: Hint 3. What are the limitations of the biological species concept? The biological species concept defines a species as a group of populations whose members have the potential to interbreed in nature and produce viable, fertile offspring. This means that members of a species can contribute to a common gene pool. Which of the following would allow a researcher to determine whether these criteria are met? ANSWER: ANSWER: skeletal features flower shape plumage pattern presence or absence of leg feathers vascular arrangement in plants observation of organisms that reproduce by cloning study of fossilized skeletons comparison of leaf structures observation of organisms that reproduce by mating

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