General Biology

A) In metaphase I of meiosis, as the chromosomes are lining up on the spindle. B) In anaphase I of meiosis, as the homologs are moving away from each other. C) In metaphase II of meiosis, as the chromosomes are lining up on the spindle. D) B and C E) All of the above Use the following to answer questions 18-19. The ﬁgure shows a typical MAP kinase cascade, from ligand to cellular response. 18. To elicit cellular response #5, a scaﬀold protein could contain which kinases? A) B-E-I B) A-D-H C) B-D-H D) Both B and C E) All of the above 19. Suppose this cascade is in a cell line that you are studying. The activator in the cascade is Ras, and you mutate Ras to always activate both MKKK-A and MKKK-B. What would be an eﬀective strategy to ensure no cellular responses occur to this always active Ras activator protein? A) You can treat the cells with a phosphatase whose substrate is all MKKs. B) You can mutate MAP Kinase-G to be resistant to phosphorylation. C) You can mutate the response proteins to ensure they are always active. D) You can introduce a compound that allows the MAP kinases to auto- phosphorylate. E) None of the above. 20. In intracellular signaling, the receptor molecule A) can bind a ligand once it enters the cell. B) can bind hydrophilic ligands extracellulary. C) can be a membrane protein. D) can transmit a signal from the exterior of the cell to the interior of the cell. E) All of the above 21. Which of the following cell surface receptors requires a ligand to be active? A) G protein-coupled receptors B) Enzymatic receptors C) Chemically gated ion channels D) A and B E) All of the above 22. What is the ﬁrst step of how protein kinase receptors transmit information? A) The ligand binds to the receptor B) Receptors autophosphorylate to become active in sensing ligands C) Two receptors associate and phosphorylate each other D) Gene expression is altered Use the following to answer questions 23-25. A substance is found to interfere with a dividing human cell's ability to polymerize tubulin proteins into microtubules. Treatment of this drug results in a stoppage of the cell cycle by a cell cycle checkpoint. 23. What would be the status of the chromosomes in these cells if they were checkpoint arrested during mitosis? A) Unreplicated sister chromatids. B) Replicated sister chromatids that have moved apart after cohesion molecules have broken down. C) Replicated sister chromatids held together by cohesion molecules and lined up at the metaphase plate. D) Replicated sister chromatids held together by cohesion molecules, but moving freely in the cell. E) Unreplicated homologous chromosomes held together by cohesion molecules. 24. Suppose you treated germ cells with this microtubule inhibiting substance just as they ﬁnished up meiotic S-phase. What would be the status of the chromosomes in these cells if they were checkpoint arrested during meiosis? A) Unreplicated homologous chromosomes held together by cohesion molecules and cross overs. B) Replicated homologous chromosomes held together by cohesion molecules and cross overs. C) Replicated sister chromatids held together by cohesion molecules and lined up at the metaphase plate. D) Replicated homologous chromosomes would be unable to pair, and thus they would be arrested. E) C and D 25. Suppose you have a mutant cell line of human cells. This human cell line has a mutation that causes defective cohesion molecules that cannot hold replicated chromatids together. If you treated

BIOL | 1001 | General Biology | exam | A) In metaphase I of meiosis  

Mastery_Quiz_Questions_Chapter_10.docx-Mastery Quiz Quesons Chapter 10 Question

CHAPTER 14 1. Lowering the expression of the MyoD gene would tend to _______ the activity of cyclin- dependent kinases. This activity would tend to _______ diﬀerentiation of muscle cells. A. increase; enhance B. increase; retard C. decrease; enhance D. decrease; retard E. decrease; have no eﬀect on 1. If a human fetus is exposed to chemicals that lead to the overexpression of Sonic hedgehog , the baby will likely have A. webbed ﬁngers and toes. B. two thumbs on each hand. C. two “little ﬁngers” on each hand. D. an elongated neck. E. a shortened neck. 1. Which of the following properties is required for an organism to undergo development? A. It must be diploid during some part of its life cycle. B. It must be multicellular during some part of its life cycle. C. The embryo must be contained within a protective structure during some part of its life cycle. D. All of the above E. None of the above 1. Diﬀerentiated cells in the process of forming the liver of a mouse provide an example of A. diﬀerentiation. B. determination. C. apoptosis. D. induction. E. morphogenesis. 1. Which of the following statements about hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is false ? A. It involves pluripotent stem cells. B. It makes use of the patient's own stem cells. C. It is carried out because some treatments against cancer also kill hematopoietic cells. D. It leads to the production of both red and white blood cells. E. All of the above are true; none is false. 1. The process of cytoplasmic segregation would be a partial answer to which of the following questions? A. How can one reset a diﬀerentiated cell such that it can produce many diﬀerent cell types? B. How can so many diﬀerent cell types come from the egg, which is a single cell? C. What roles do transcription factors play in controlling cell diﬀerentiation? D. What new technique was used by Yamanaka and his colleagues to obtain induced pluripotent stem cells? E. What new technique was used in the cloning of Dolly the sheep? 1. The polarity of microﬁlaments in a cell is an example of a(n) A. cytoplasmic determinant. B. is an example of an inducer. C. is an example of a morphogen. D. All of the above E. None of the above 1. Which of the following phenomena represents a contradiction to Francois Jacob's view of evolution as a tinker? A. Parallel phenotypic evolution B. The sudden appearance of a new structure C. Modiﬁcations of existing structures leading to new structures D. Heterochrony E. The conservation of developmentally important genes across distantly related organisms 1. Which of the following is most conducive for parallel phenotypic evolution? A. Heterochrony B. Genomic equivalence C. The conservation of important developmental genes D. The sudden appearance of a new structure E. The capacity of organisms to use information to predict future conditions 1. Yolk molecules tend to accumulate in the vegetal half in the fertilized eggs of most animals, and the presence of yolk can slow down cell division. Based on this observation, which of the following statements is most likely to be true? A. Assuming that there has been no movement, cells in the vegetal half of the embryo should be larger than those in the animal half. B. Assuming that there has been no movement, cells in the vegetal half of the embryo should be smaller than those in the animal half. C. Polarity exists in the fertilized egg. D. Both a and c E. Both b and c

BIOL | 1001 | General Biology | homework | CHAPTER 14 1. Lowering the exp

test_3_hw_and_quizzes__15_18.docx-Homework Ch 15 1. In a

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